No musical group can do without this item. Created many centuries ago, the guitar (seven-string) has found its place in modern world. It sounds like an accompaniment or a solo instrument in different directions and styles, and the electric guitar, created relatively recently, had a significant influence on the development of mass culture.
The neck of the neck is slightly narrower, with reinforcement on the inside, which prevents distortion from the tension of the metal strings, and the neck of the lower strings is slightly rounded, giving a better fit to the hand, especially when gripping the barrier. three positions, which practically increases the scale of the tool. The resonant plate is protected from possible damage caused by the die by a special flange under the resonant hole. When using a professional tool, it should be simply decorative. The strings are usually wider, glued over a larger surface to the resonant plate, and form a unit with the bridge.
Where it all began
The history of the creation of the guitar goes back centuries, and among the countries where its first use as a musical instrument is mentioned are India and Ancient Egypt. Back then, the guitar had a round body with strings stretched over a long neck. The body itself was quite strong and was made from dried pumpkin or turtle shell.
These guitars are used to play folk, pop, country, less rock and jazz music. It is ideal for accompanying singers. Recently, Jazzmoneys have also been using this instrument frequently. Various type The acoustic guitar is a very complex guitar accessible to the Italian stranger Maccaferri. These are original design instruments. Inside the resonant block there are additional excitation plates and acoustic screens that transmit sound waves through the large hole in the top plate.
These instruments have a very strong, carrying tone with a fairly bright color. The electrification of these guitars is designed so as not to overwhelm acoustic sound, since it is simply transmitted to the amplifier. Typically, contact tips are used that change the vibration of a resonant plate or inductor into an induced current. The playback quality differs by the settings set inside or on the lines.
The seven-string guitar appeared in Russia at the end of the 18th century. It is noteworthy that researchers cannot name the exact time and fate of its formation, but they mention the name of Andrei Sihra. He was the first to discover the art of guitar. He was engaged in the processing of folk music, published relevant magazines, and taught in schools. He also added a bass string, which distinguished the structure of the usual guitar.
The cable slot and additional power potentiometer are located on the guitar's bumper, which does not interfere with the tone of the instrument. The sound of an electrically tuned guitar should not differ from the sound of a natural acoustic guitar, but it is possible to correct the tone through the amplifier's EQ or mini-EQ built into the guitar. The undoubted advantage of acoustic electric guitars and the guitars discussed is that acoustic guitars, which compared to other instruments, have relatively quiet sound, can be electrically amplified in stripes not only as a harmonic color instrument.
Thanks to this, in subsequent centuries the seven-string guitar became widely used, remaining a key musical instrument for a long time. In the 20th century, Western culture “moved” to our country, and therefore the seven-string guitar gave way to the classical one. According to researchers, today they are often compared, although each has a number of characteristics and its own artistic and technical features.
The resonant plate in this case is loaded with large conventional switches, potentiometers, switches, etc. there is no need to add such acoustic sound. resonant box, but contains the advantage of the sound of an electric guitar. The second type of acoustic guitar is the so-called. Sometimes there is a cut under the back of the head that makes it easier to play in high positions.
For this purpose, the neck is positioned so that the octave position is not at the edge of the resonant block, but in order for the Three Elements to facilitate access. The string is attached to the bottom of the resonance box, and the strings rest on the bridge plate. The height of the bridge is usually adjustable. The guitar also has a safety collar. Along with the double bass and percussion, he provides the typical and best color of the rhythm section.
Use among the masses
Traditionally, in Russia it was the seven-string guitar that was used when it came to performing Russian romances or folk songs. It has also found its application in the so-called “gypsy” song and music genre. Many composers, including Alexei Agibalov and Igor Rekhin, created concert works especially for her.
In the orchestra, Count Basi plays Freddie Green on guitar. The bass guitar is a four-string guitar with an octave scale of sound. The most common are four-string instruments, although six-string, eight-string and twelve-string guitars are also available.
At standard setting empty lines have the following sounds. The highest string of a bass guitar produces the same sound as the lowest string of a regular guitar reduced to third. The bass guitar can be built on the basis of an acoustic or electric acoustic or electric guitar.
Structural features
The design of a seven-string guitar consists of a standard “set” of basic components. Each of them has its own functions. This invariably includes metal strings, neck and springs. The latter, in particular, must comply with the developed Scherzer system, according to which they are located parallel to each other.
There are also less popular six-string basses that sound an octave lower. These guitars have a slightly wider neck, longer shimmer, and are generally fuller in body. Due to the low sound, chords are avoided. They are used for distinctive melodies and rhythm sections, enriching and facilitating solo playing.
The ukulele existed even when there were no electric guitars. It is shaped like an orchestral guitar. It is used for playing folk blues, country, and also for playing slides. This is an instrument that uses a twelve line system. These are instruments to which the body is attached side by side with two neck joints. As a rule, one of them is twelve lines, the second is six lines. These are electric guitars and are used when the guitarist must change instruments frequently on stage.
Tuning a seven-string guitar at home is a particularly interesting activity for those who are interested in music, but are not professionals in this matter. It is worth rejoicing all fans: there is nothing complicated in setting up. Remember a few simple rules.
Strings are tuned based on the principle of adjacent strings when their pitches are compared. So, one remains open, and the second should be clamped on a certain fret. This is the only way to achieve their sound in unison. First guitar string is always a support. There are recommended standards regarding repetition of intervals and tones of the first octave, as well as subsequent semitones. Along with this, various variations are known that do not provide precise tuning due to the thickness of the strings. So, for example, compared to any other strings, bass strings require more careful tuning.
John McLaughlin and Severin Krajewski. The double drum guitar can also be used as an instrument to play a special guitar technique: two-handed tapping. The guitarist can then use both grills at the same time. This is how Adam Fulara plays.
A twelve-string guitar has double strings that, like a mandolin, are strung together. The bottom four lines are doubled in octave, and the top two lines are doubled in unison. The instrument's suit is basically the same as a six-string guitar, except that sometimes lowering the suit a full tone is applied due to increased tension. Due to the number of strings, the neck is slightly wider. There are, of course, twelve cars on the enlarged head. The string and bridge are stronger, and the structure of the resonant unit allows for greater string tension.
The guitar (seven-string) has its own tuning. Typically, the sequence of tones is determined by the highest string in tone. Most often this is “D” (first octave). Mixed tunings are known, formed by a major sound in a different key.
The modern seven-string guitar is divided into several subtypes. All of them are equally widely applicable, but are dissimilar in tuning, notation, length and scale. There are large, third and fourth guitars. The latter are generally considered ensemble instruments. They allow you to expand the range of sounds, which ultimately enriches the entire guitar ensemble.
Twelve string guitars can be acoustic, acoustic, electric or electric. The first two varieties are the most popular. They are richer with six-string guitars and are great for country accompaniment. They don't have as much use in jazz because of the uncontrolled doubling in chords and the need to skip an octave in unison, but it is because of this that boundaries on a 12-string guitar give rise to different harmonic associations that can be useful in composing, for example.
One of the few jazz guitarists to play a twelve-string guitar is Ralph Towner. It's outside the mainstream of jazz. Electric guitar. This is a guitar that, instead of a resonance box, has the largest block of wood most often - hence the popular name for the electric guitar in Poland - "board". Due to the acoustic problem in this case it does not matter, the design of the electric guitar includes primarily: As with acoustic guitars, the neck is narrow and the neck is rounded, but, as a rule, the number of thresholds is at least 22, although there are also more.
The classic version: why are we worse?
Like the seven-string, the six-string guitar is regarded as the main plucked string musical instrument. Its peculiarity lies in its great performance capabilities and a rich variety of timbres. Notice a few distinguishing characteristics.
The highest position is better than electric-acoustic guitars, even with cutaways. The shape of the body itself is much less important in terms of tone. Designers have in mind the comfort of play, aesthetic considerations, but also good sound or chest. The longest strings are attached to bridges, which are firmly connected to the body.
The figure shows all the components of this tool. The body is wood, bolted to the body with screws and a tremolo bridge built by Lev Fender. He could vibrate and lower the sound of individual strings and entire chords. From the late 1970s to the boards, "a bridge with a tremolo system, created by guitarist Floyd Rose, has been increasingly assembled." It is a free-suspension bridge designed for double action - pulling and lowering. It features micro-adjusters, an adjustable scale length, and mini-clasps for string attachment.
Being an acoustic instrument, the six-string guitar is able to amplify the sound thanks to its wooden body. Most often it is made from durable wood species - rosewood, mahogany, cedar, spruce. This uses strings different materials and compositions: carbon, nylon, as well as metal and vein strings.
Guitars with this bridge have a saddle lock on the saddle, increasing the stability of the suit. Below the strings, an electric guitar typically has three electromagnetic transducers, usually height-adjustable, and often for each string separately. The body of the guitar is equipped with tone pots, tone pots, a switch, an output jack, and sometimes additional multi-position switches containing ready-made color combinations. Few models also include electronic devices, such as active color equalizers.
Electric guitars are characterized by a clean “electric” sound, bright and deep. These instruments don't pair with an amp easily because guitars have a resonant box so it's easier to overdrive the sound and play it controlled feedback. They work well with a high power amplifier, they are convenient, durable and easy to transport.
A classic six-string guitar does not require an additional amplifier or microphone, although in a large room they can still be used. To amplify the sound, contact sensors are installed instead of the lower threshold. For the convenience of playing this guitar, a footrest is used, which today is more often replaced by a kneerest.
Electro-acoustic guitar. The string instrument department is 5 years younger than the school itself. There are 4 teachers: violin - senior teacher Violeta Draskiniene, Diana Rimkute and Virginia Verikene, guitar teacher Petras Beniulis. Currently there are 30 violinists, 7 guitarists.
Students and teachers actively participate in city and school concerts and events, and also have the opportunity to play music in various ensembles. Rimkute, who was also a participant in the song festival. The trio of the fourth solo violinist, summed up by Draskine, participated in the J. Naujalis Music Gymnasium Festival in Kaunas County and was awarded a laureate diploma. More fierce violinists take part in various festivals and competitions. Rimkute's student Dainora Alekaite became the winner of the National Competition for Young Pianists and Orchestras.
Under metal strings
Russian seven-string guitar- a stringed musical instrument from the guitar family. It became widespread in Russia from the end of the 18th century. Its main feature is its tuning, which is different from the tuning of a classic six-string guitar.
Story
Creation
The Russian seven-string guitar appeared in Russia at the end of the 18th century. The exact fate of her formation is unknown. According to some researchers (M. A. Stakhovich, M. I. Pylyaev, A. V. and S. N. Tikhonravov), the inventor of the Russian guitar is Andrei Osipovich Sihra (1773-1850) - the founder of guitar art in Russia, who wrote for There are about a thousand musical compositions and arrangements of folk and academic music. He made his first experience of creating and playing the Russian guitar in Vilna (Vilnius) in 1793, with its subsequent improvement in Moscow. Andrey Sihra gave concerts, published popular guitar magazines, and taught a lot.
Considering the fact that the major triad system has been known in Europe since the 16th century and was used on the English guitar (in the key To, strings: (g 1 , e 1 , c 1 ), (g, e, c) ), it can be assumed that Andrei Sikhra borrowed this principle of tuning for his invention with the addition of a seventh (bass) string Re(strings: (d 1 , h, g), (d, H, G), D ). It is also known that the author of the first ever School of playing the Russian seven-string guitar, published in 1798, Ignaz von Geld (Ignatius Franzovich Geld, 1766-1816) played the English guitar.
Regarding the shape of the instrument body and design features, the seven-string guitar is generally similar to those of the classical six string guitar.
Popularity
The seven-string guitar was widely used for accompaniment in the performance of Russian romances and folk songs, and as a solo instrument in the performance of works by Russian composers. It was very often used in the song and musical creativity of Russian gypsies (another name for the guitar is “gypsy”).
Some composers have written a number of small concert works for the Russian guitar, for example, “Russian Concert” by Igor Rekhin (1988) and “Concerto for Guitar and Orchestra” by Alexei Agibalov (2007).
Design features
Traditional features that are not mandatory, but possible options in the design of a Russian guitar:
Musical properties
This is how the first historian of Russian guitar, Mikhail Aleksandrovich Stakhovich, describes this instrument:
...the fullness and diversity of the movement of voices in the independent singing of each string, the luxury of arpeggiatures combined with the smoothest and widest ligates, the expansion of the range of scales, and finally, the thick movement of the bass, always possible and provoking, so to speak, musical reflection - all this will remain invincible the quality of a seven-string guitar before the effects of a six-string. A highly romantic instrument - the guitar - has achieved its full charm in its seven-string form, is this why it fell in love with the Russian people? Isn’t that why he especially, and almost exclusively, harmonized with the Russian song? This remains to be shown and explained to the next period of Russian music, when folk motifs are processed into music and develop their own music.
- Stakhovich M.A.// Moskvityanin: magazine. - 1854. - T. IV, No. 13. - P. 2-3.
Build
The sound of open strings
The sound of open strings forms the tuning of a guitar. The sequence of tones, starting with the first string, the highest in tone: Re(first octave); Si, Salt, Re(small octave); Si, Salt, Re(major octave). This tuning is standard and academic for the Russian guitar.
Intervals between adjacent strings: d 1 (m.3) h (b.3) g (Part 4) d (m.3) H (b.3) G (Part 4) D (m.3 and b.3 - minor and major thirds, part 4 - perfect quart). Thus, the scale contains two identical groups of intervals: (m.3, b.3, part 4) (m.3, b.3, part 4) - only 2 quarts and 4 thirds.
The pitch range of the guitar from the open seventh string to the first string clamped at the XII fret is 3 full octaves (part of the major, minor, first and part of the second). The number of sounds on the first string after the 12th fret depends on the number of frets on the fretboard.
Notes on a guitar stave are written an octave higher than the actual sound for ease of reading.