Batteries for Samsung phones. Operation, charging, pros and cons of lithium batteries

This article is devoted to batteries used as batteries in cell phones. However, the general performance characteristics also apply to batteries used in other equipment.

There are many myths, rumors, and mistakes regarding batteries. One of the most common of them is that in order to increase the service life of batteries, they must be periodically discharged completely. In fact, for modern batteries, this is the approach of their end.

Let's look at this in more detail.

Types of batteries.

Modern technology uses batteries based on various chemical reactions. Let's look at some of them:

Batteries used as cell phone batteries:

  • Nickel-cadmium (NiCd) (nickel cadmium)
  • Nickel metal hydride (NiMH)
  • Lithium-ion (lithium ion)

Other types of batteries (for example, SLA - Sealed lead acid, sealed lead-acid batteries) will not be considered in this article, because They are practically not used in modern cell phones.

Lithium polymer (Li-Pol) batteries will not be considered due to their low prevalence and lack of their exact characteristics, which are, in principle, comparable with the characteristics of other lithium-based batteries. This type of battery is gaining popularity due to its non-criticality to the shape of the final battery.

Nickel-cadmium (NiCd) batteries.

Specifications:

Advantages: Low cost, high recovery probability, operation in a wide temperature range, fast charging.

Flaws: High degree of self-discharge, “memory” effect, large size, toxicity if improperly disposed of.

General information: The battery must be supplied completely discharged. The battery should not be left in the charger for a significant period of time (more than 2 days), because this degrades its performance. To avoid the "memory" effect, it is recommended to completely discharge the battery before charging (at least once a week). A nickel-cadmium battery can be recovered from the formed crystals with a probability of about 60%.

Specifics of use in a mobile phone: The battery is more efficient when used in high discharge mode, i.e. if you talk a lot, this is the preferred discharge mode.

Nickel-metal hydride (NiMH) batteries.

Specifications:

Advantages: Low cost, slight memory effect, high capacity, low toxicity.

Flaws: High degree of self-discharge, low number of charge/discharge cycles, more complex (and expensive) charging device (compared to NiCd).

General information: The battery must be supplied completely discharged. The battery should not be left in the charger for a significant period of time (more than 2 days), because this degrades its performance. The "memory" effect is not significant, but it is recommended to use this type batteries, like NiCd (completely discharge the battery before charging (at least once a week). NiMH batteries are difficult to restore. The probability is about 15 percent.

Specifics of use in a mobile phone: The battery is more efficient when used in a constant weak (about 1/2 - 1/3 of the nameplate) discharge mode, and therefore is optimal when the phone is often in standby mode. However, this property is partially compensated by a high degree of self-discharge. Many cell phone manufacturers (including NOKIA, which I respect) indicate in their instructions that these batteries do not have a “memory” effect. Be skeptical about these statements - this is a marketing ploy, which is based on the fact that in comparison with NiCd batteries, this effect is less pronounced.

Lithium-ion (Li-Ion) batteries.

Specifications:

Advantages: High capacity, no “memory” effect, small dimensions, a large number of charge/discharge cycles.

Flaws: High cost, rapid aging (after 1.5 - 2 years the battery may become unusable) regardless of the intensity of use, potential danger during use (the first models of these batteries often exploded when charging).

General information: The battery must be supplied 80-90% charged. The battery can (and should, if not in use) remain in the charger for a significant period of time. These batteries cannot be restored (don’t trust the “craftsmen”).

Specifics of use in a mobile phone: The battery is effective when the cell phone is used intensively. For its service life (about a year), it will be optimal in comparison with nickel-based batteries.

"Memory" effect.

Occurs in nickel-based batteries and is a consequence of incomplete charging. The part of the battery that is not discharged “dies” (crystalline compounds are formed).
To avoid this effect, it is recommended to completely discharge the battery before charging. For this purpose, there are special charging devices that completely discharge the battery before the charge cycle. Highly recommended purchase charger with this algorithm. The ideal is to discharge/charge in a special analyzer. But due to its high cost, it is rarely an “interior element” of the room of an ordinary cell phone user ;-).
If it is not possible to charge the battery on a special charger, then you need to completely discharge the battery in your phone before charging (for example, by calling toll free number Bee line subscriber service. The time during which you wait for the operator’s response will be enough to “finish off” the dead battery ;-). Some operator companies have a special service phone for these purposes.

Charging methods.

Charging methods must be differentiated batteries:

1. Fast charging - usually done by the phone itself using network adapter supplied in the kit (the phone is responsible for charging, the “cord” is just a converter/stabilizer). Charging is carried out with an increased current, its efficiency is lower than standard. Gives a time gain, it is recommended to use only when necessary.

2. Standard charging- produced by a special charger. The charging process is carried out with the optimal current for this battery, the duration and efficiency of charging is higher than “fast”. Often combined with the process of preliminary complete discharge of the battery.

This information is only relevant for nickel-based batteries. Lithium batteries are not critical to the charging method (of course, it is necessary that charging is carried out in accordance with the manufacturer's requirements. It is entirely acceptable to charge only in the phone).

Use original chargers.

Service.

You can, of course, use the battery to its fullest, without worrying about “some kind of memory effect,” etc. But its service life will be noticeably preserved.
If you are not one of the “new Russians who don’t care” then:

1. Store the battery in a cool place (you can also store it in the refrigerator, but only in sealed packaging).
2. Avoid using the battery in extreme temperatures.
3. Clean the battery contacts from oxides formed on them.
4. Before using the new battery, fully charge it. Do not trust the indications of primitive chargers (including those built into the phone) - during this period, charge the battery 2-3 hours longer than necessary according to the charger indicators. Ideally - this procedure carried out on a specialized analyzer.
5. Buy only branded chargers. This is the case when the stingy pays twice. Cheap devices often do not correspond to the declared characteristics, and often even use simplified charging/discharging algorithms. Because When charging batteries, the stability of the charge parameters is critical (when charging nickel-based batteries, the charge current is constant, while acid and lithium batteries have a constant voltage), then a malfunctioning device can significantly shorten the life of your battery.

WARNING: Quite often, in addition to the phone, a careless seller also gives a Chinese variation on the theme of “car charger”. I categorically do not recommend using them - there are quite a few facts of battery damage by them, especially for modern low-voltage batteries (for example Nokia 61**, 3210, etc.). If you use such a device with activated engineering functions (Nokia Net Monitor, 20 - 23), you can check for yourself whether the power adapter provides normal voltage.

6. If possible, periodically service your Ni** battery in a specialized service center - its service life will be extended by restoring its original properties using special analyzers.
7. Do not use batteries for other purposes.
8. Do not discharge batteries using makeshift methods (light bulb, etc.)

Used batteries.

It is not recommended to purchase such batteries either separately or as part of a cell phone kit. It is not possible to reliably determine the degree of wear (in the case of nickel) or “old age” (lithium) batteries without the appropriate equipment.
One piece of advice - if you have experience using this brand of battery and know the approximate time of its full charge - you can try to charge it after discharging it. The greater the deviations in charging time from a new battery, the worse the battery is (especially critical if the battery is charged (according to the charger indication) too quickly - sure sign its unsuitability. He discharges himself with the same “agility”).

Purchasing refurbished NiCd batteries from companies that specialize in this is quite appropriate. Request a full battery test.

So.

Currently, the choice consists of almost two types of batteries - NiMH and Li-Ion. With the same capacity, it is worth deciding which is preferable - low price and theoretically longer service life (NiMH), or simpler maintenance and longer service life under intensive use (LiIon, also true for LiPol).
Nickel-cadmium batteries are now practically not used in new phone models, where their metal hydride counterparts have taken their place.
If you have a phone with an obsolete NiCd battery, then don’t be upset - in some respects they are superior to NiMH with proper maintenance.

How to increase battery life? Why does my smartphone discharge so quickly? We will check popular myths that you can find on the Internet and tell the whole truth about modern gadgets.

Myth: Charging at night reduces battery life


Should you charge your phone at night? Let's figure it out.

  • This myth is based on the danger of overloading the battery. But this problem is not relevant for modern smartphones.
  • Even old lithium-ion batteries very rarely overheat if they are connected to the charger for too long. Modern batteries, however, are smart enough to handle overnight charging without issue.
  • Unfortunately, there is some truth to this myth: the battery actually loses its charging capacity if you leave it . But these losses are so minimal that you won't notice them.
  • Hence, you don't need to worry if you want to charge your smartphone overnight. The consequences will be far from what owners of phones with old batteries feared.

Tip: The battery will last longer if it is constantly balanced between 40 and 80 percent charge.

Myth: Quitting apps increases battery life


Many smartphone owners believe that they can extend the time battery life of your gadget if you close unused ones. But this is a myth, because modern mobile phones are designed for multitasking.

  • For example, if you exit an app on iOS, it will be frozen. This means that the program will stop doing anything and will not consume energy.
  • By completely shutting down an application, you delete its data from random access memory gadget. When you decide to open it again, the application will have to be re-downloaded into the smartphone's memory. And this process will require much more battery resources than reopening.

Tip: Don't quit the app if you'll be using it again soon.

  • Instead of constantly closing apps, you can extend the battery life of your gadgets in other ways. For example, or background program updates.

Myth: Use only original chargers


It is logical that most manufacturers want you to use only original chargers. “Native” accessories are quite expensive, but it is a myth that they are better for the battery. Many gadgets can use other chargers, and we will prove why.

  • Modern smartphone charging devices are standardized. As a rule, the recharge time from a “non-native” device is slightly longer, but this does not affect the battery’s performance.
  • You can charge your smartphone with almost anything, but we do not recommend using only cheap accessories purchased from well-known Chinese sites.
  • Third-party chargers are a budget alternative that can be safely used as long as they are certified and charge the battery to the required level.

Myth: Bluetooth, Wi-Fi, and location services drain your battery faster


Some applications drain your smartphone battery very quickly. But this does not apply to features like Bluetooth, Wi-Fi and location.

  • Bluetooth and Wi-Fi don't drain your battery as quickly as many people think. When we tested smartphones, the activation of these functions on average reduced the total battery life of the gadget by only 30 minutes. Agree, these are minor losses if the smartphone works throughout the day.
  • But before, everything was different: Bluetooth also used other modules, the operation of which required much more power than their modern counterparts. Progress does not stand still, and now these services do not consume so much energy.
  • Turning off location tracking will not increase overall battery life. But if you don't use this feature, it's better to disable it.

Tip: Most energy is wasted on the display backlight. If you are not using your smartphone, turn off the screen. Reducing the display brightness will greatly save battery power.

Myth: Always fully discharge your battery before charging it


Many people think that the battery should always be completely discharged before it should be connected to the network. But we are ready to dispel this myth too.

  • This rule was relevant in the times of nickel-cadmium or nickel-metal hydride. It was they who had the so-called “memory effect”, in which the total capacity of the battery decreases and it does not charge above a certain level.
  • Today, smartphones only use lithium-ion or lithium-polymer batteries, which no longer have a “memory effect.” However, some manufacturers still recommend calibrating the battery if the gadget begins to discharge quickly or even turns off at a certain battery level.

Operation, charging, pros and cons lithium batteries

Many people use it today electronic devices in your daily life. Cell Phones, tablets, laptops... Everyone knows what it is. But few people know that the key element of these devices is the lithium battery. Almost every mobile device is equipped with this type of battery. Today we will talk about lithium batteries. These batteries and their production technology are constantly evolving. Significant technology updates occur every 1-2 years. We'll consider general principle the operation of lithium batteries, and separate materials will be devoted to the varieties. Below we will discuss the history, operation, storage, advantages and disadvantages of lithium batteries.

Research in this direction was carried out at the beginning of the 20th century. The “first swallows” in the family of lithium batteries appeared in the early seventies of the last century. The anode of these batteries was made of lithium. They quickly became in demand due to their high specific energy. Thanks to the presence of lithium, a very active reducing agent, the developers were able to greatly increase the nominal voltage and specific energy of the element. The development, subsequent testing and fine-tuning of the technology took about two decades.


During this time, issues were mainly resolved with the safety of using lithium batteries, selection of materials, etc. Secondary lithium cells with aprotic electrolytes and the variety with a solid cathode are similar in the electrochemical processes occurring in them. In particular, anodic dissolution of lithium occurs at the negative electrode. Lithium is introduced into the crystal lattice of the positive electrode. When the battery cell is charged, the processes on the electrodes go in the opposite direction.

Materials for the positive electrode were developed quite quickly. The main requirement for them was that they undergo reversible processes.

We are talking about anodic extraction and cathodic introduction. These processes are also called anodic deintercalation and cathodic intercalation. Researchers tested various materials as a cathode.

The requirement was that there should be no changes during cycling. In particular, the following materials were studied:

  • TiS2 (titanium disulfide);
  • Nb(Se)n (niobium selenide);
  • vanadium sulfides and diselenides;
  • copper and iron sulfides.

All of the materials listed have a layered structure. Research was also carried out with materials of more complex compositions. For this purpose, additives of certain metals were used in small quantities. These were elements with cations of a larger radius than Li.

High specific cathode characteristics were obtained using metal oxides. Various oxides were tested for reversible performance, which depends on the degree of distortion of the crystal lattice of the oxide material when lithium cations are introduced there. The electronic conductivity of the cathode was also taken into account. The goal was to ensure that the cathode volume changes by no more than 20 percent. According to research, vanadium and molybdenum oxides showed the best results.



The anode was the main difficulty in creating lithium batteries. More precisely, during the charging process, when cathodic deposition of Li occurs. This creates a surface with very high activity. Lithium is deposited on the surface of the cathode in the form of dendrites and as a result a passive film is formed.

It turns out that this film envelops the lithium particles and prevents their contact with the base. This process is called encapsulation and results in the fact that after the battery is charged, a certain part of the lithium is excluded from the electrochemical processes.

As a result, after a certain number of cycles, the electrodes wore out and the temperature stability of the processes inside the lithium battery was disrupted.

At some point, the element was heated to the melting point of Li and the reaction entered an uncontrolled phase. So, in the early 90s, many lithium batteries were returned to the enterprises of the companies involved in their production. These were one of the first batteries to be used in mobile phones. At the moment of talking (the current reaches its maximum value) on the phone, a flame erupted from these batteries. There have been many cases where the user's face was burned. The formation of dendrites during lithium deposition, in addition to the risk of fire and explosion, can lead to a short circuit.

Therefore, researchers have spent a lot of time and effort developing a cathode surface treatment method. Methods have been developed for introducing additives into the electrolyte that prevent the formation of dendrites. Scientists have made progress in this direction, but the problem has not yet been completely solved.

They tried to solve these problems using lithium metal using another method.

Thus, the negative electrode began to be made from lithium alloys, and not from pure Li. The most successful was the alloy of lithium and aluminum. When the discharge process occurs, lithium is etched out of the electrode from such an alloy, and vice versa during charging. That is, during the charge-discharge cycle, the concentration of Li in the alloy changes. Of course, there was some loss of lithium activity in the alloy compared to metallic Li.


The potential of the alloy electrode decreased by about 0.2─0.4 volts. The operating voltage of the lithium battery has decreased and at the same time the interaction between the electrolyte and the alloy has decreased. This became a positive factor, since self-discharge decreased. But the alloy of lithium and aluminum is not widely used. The problem here was that the specific volume of this alloy changed greatly during cycling. When a deep discharge occurred, the electrode became brittle and crumbled. Due to a decrease in the specific characteristics of the alloy, research in this direction was stopped. Other alloys were also studied.

As a result, because lithium metal is unstable, research began to go in a different direction. It was decided to exclude pure lithium from the battery components and use its ions. This is how lithium-ion (Li-Ion) batteries appeared.

The energy density of lithium-ion batteries is less than that of lithium batteries. But their safety and ease of use are much higher. You can read more about it at the given link.

Operation and service life

Exploitation

Operating rules will be discussed using the example of common lithium batteries that are used in mobile devices(phones, tablets, laptops). In most cases, such batteries are protected from the “fool” by the built-in controller. But it is useful for the user to know basic things about the design, parameters and operation of lithium batteries.

First, remember that a lithium battery must have a voltage of 2.7 to 4.2 volts. The lower value here indicates the minimum charge level, the upper one indicates the maximum.

In modern Li batteries, the electrodes are made of graphite and in their case the lower voltage limit is 3 volts (2.7 is the value for coke electrodes). The electrical energy that a battery gives off when the voltage drops from the upper limit to the lower limit is called its capacity.

To extend the life of lithium batteries, manufacturers slightly narrow the voltage range. Often this is 3.3─4.1 volts. As practice shows, the maximum service life of lithium batteries is achieved at a charge level of 45 percent. If the battery is over-charged or over-discharged, its service life will be shortened. It is usually recommended to charge a lithium battery at 15-20% charge. And you need to stop charging immediately after reaching 100% capacity. But, as already mentioned, the controller saves the battery from overcharging and deep discharge. This control board with a microcircuit is found on almost all lithium batteries. In various consumer electronics

(tablet, smartphone, laptop) the operation of the controller integrated into the battery is also supplemented by a microcircuit that is soldered on the board of the device itself. All in all, correct operation

lithium batteries are provided by their controller. The user is basically required not to get involved in this process and not to engage in amateur activities.

The service life of lithium batteries is about 500 charge-discharge cycles. This value is true for most modern lithium-ion and lithium-polymer batteries. The service life may vary over time. It depends on the intensity of use of the mobile device.

With constant use and load with resource-intensive applications (videos, games), the battery may exhaust its limit within a year. But on average, the service life of lithium batteries is 3-4 years.

Charging process It’s worth noting right away that for normal battery operation, you need to use the standard charger that comes with the gadget. In most cases this is the source direct current
with a voltage of 5 volts. Standard chargers for a phone or tablet usually deliver a current of about 0.5─1 * C (C is the nominal battery capacity).



The standard charging mode for a lithium battery is the following. This mode is used in Sony controllers and ensures maximum charging. The figure below shows this process graphically.

in the third stage, the current decreases continuously at a voltage of 4.2 volts. In principle, this stage repeats the second stage, but has a strict time limit of 1 hour. After this, the controller disconnects the battery from the charger. At the end, the state of charge is 100%.

There are a number of other points worth noting. Periodically (every 2-3 months) completely discharge the battery (so that the phone turns off). Then it is fully charged to 100%. After this, remove the battery for 1-2 minutes, insert and turn on the phone. The charge level will be less than 100%. Charge completely and do this several times until a full charge is shown when you insert the battery.


Remember that through the connector laptop usb, desktop, adapter from the cigarette lighter in the car, charging is much slower than from a standard charger. This is due to the limitation USB interface at a current of 500 mA.

Also remember that in the cold and at low atmospheric pressure, lithium batteries lose some of their capacity. At subzero temperatures, this type of battery becomes inoperable.

To extend the life of your phone's battery, there are several tricks - they will ensure that the battery lasts a long time. They are worth taking into account for those who have just purchased a new mobile phone and want it to last for more than one year.

How long does a phone battery last on average?

A smartphone battery will wear out much faster in high temperature environments, regardless of whether the phone is in use or not.

When used correctly, the battery provides high-quality charging for at least three years, maximum five or even seven years.

The last option, as experts note, is quite possible.

How to extend service life

Lithium-ion batteries should be stored at 30–50% charge More recently, phone sellers advised owners of new handsets to completely discharge the device before charging it for the first time. Next, the device had to be charged to 100%, otherwise it could lose part of its capacity already at the initial stage of use. With the advent of lithium polymer and lithium-ion batteries

This advice is no longer relevant.

  • Here's what the owner of a new gadget really needs to remember:
  • Do not under any circumstances allow your phone to frequently discharge to zero;
  • use only the original charger for recharging;
  • avoid hypothermia and overheating of the device;
  • do not charge the handset to 100% on hot days, but only bring the charge to 80–90% (so that the battery does not experience additional load);
  • keep the phone in the shade more often, protect it from sunlight;

Disconnect the phone from the network immediately after reaching 100% charge. As a rule, there are exactly 500 of them, subject to discharge to 0%. Therefore, by regularly charging a mobile phone that is discharged to 45 or 50%, it is quite possible to increase the battery life by up to 1000 cycles.

What actions lead to battery damage?

One of the factors that significantly reduces battery life is constantly turning on the device.wi-fi andGPS.

They drain the battery, reducing its operating time, and various games. By abandoning them and using your mobile phone only for calls and messaging, you can extend the life of the device.

Another risk factor for the battery is regular use. wireless charging. This leads to dangerous overheating for the device.

Every single model has tricks to increase the battery life of your phone. Salespeople in hardware stores will be able to tell the buyer about them in detail.

Today it is difficult to imagine any person without mobile phone. Some people have even developed a certain fashion for purchasing jeans specifically for their favorite smartphone, and bags have long been equipped with a separate pocket for a mobile phone. Nowadays, the average person is more likely to have no landline connection than a mobile phone.

We communicate and live using various communicators, and we need them in everyday life almost around the clock, but, unfortunately, nothing lasts forever, and batteries for Samsung phones The battery also requires periodic recharging. An excellent solution in this case is to buy a battery for Samsung initially and use it as the main or spare one; it is best to take a reinforced lithium-ion battery. After all, a spare battery at the bottom of your purse pocket will someday extend the life of your phone.

Each battery has a certain expiration date. It directly depends on the type of battery and its configuration. Average duration normal functioning Samsung phone batteries are 3-5 years old. But what to do in this case, if due to absurd negligence the Samsung power supply is damaged? An unexpected voltage drop in the network while charging the phone can cause the battery to die for a long time. Of course, such cases are rare, but they do occur. Some people start to quickly run out of battery power over time, and this is natural. In such situations, it is worth replacing it immediately to always stay connected.

It is quite convenient to take a spare battery for your Samsung with you, especially if you go on a trip or a long business trip. Such a seemingly trifle will double the life of your smartphone. Today you can also purchase such an additional component for your phone as an original battery case for Samsung, and at quite attractive prices. Manufacturers provide a warranty on the product for 12 months of operation. Of course, the choice is great, there are many various types rechargeable batteries, including high-quality copies, as well as original analogues for Samsung phones.

Ideally, the power source should be selected correctly both in voltage and size, so that it best matches the model of your smartphone. For uninterrupted and proper operation, both the type of battery and the current strength in it are very important. Therefore, first of all, when choosing components for your phone, pay special attention to these aspects.

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