Thesaurus of Russian business vocabulary

Technology

Syn: technique

Culturology. Dictionary-reference book

Technology

a set of methods of processing, manufacturing, changing the state, properties, shape of objects carried out in the process of producing certain products.

Forensic Encyclopedia

Technology

(from Greek techne - art, skill, skill and lygos - word, teaching)

a field of scientific knowledge that identifies and studies physical, chemical, mechanical and other laws in order to determine and use in practice the most effective and economical production processes. Scientific basis of technological expertise.

Efremova's Dictionary

Technology

1. and.
   1. :
      1. A scientific discipline that studies methods of processing materials, manufacturing products and the processes accompanying these types of work.
      2. An educational subject containing the theoretical foundations of this science.
      3. decomposition A textbook setting out the content of a given academic subject.
   2. A set of techniques used in a. business, skill, art.

Ushakov's Dictionary

Technology

technology, technologies, pl. No, wives(from Greek techne - art and logos - teaching). A set of sciences, information about methods of processing this or that raw material into a manufactured product, into a finished product. Metal technology. Chemical Technology. Wood technology.

| The set of processes of such processing. Simple technology.

Westminster Dictionary of Theological Terms

Technology

♦ (ENG technology)

(Greek technologia - systematic processing)

the introduction of techniques and processes, methods and procedures to transform the natural world into the human world in order to meet human needs and desires. In high-tech societies, moral and ethical components occupy an important place.

Ozhegov's Dictionary

TECHNOL ABOUT GIA, And, and. A set of production methods and processes in a particular branch of production, as well as a scientific description of production methods. T. production. T. fibrous substances. Violation of technology.

| adj. technological, oh, oh. T. process. Technological requirements.

encyclopedic Dictionary

Technology

(from the Greek techne - art, skill, skill and...logy), a set of methods of processing, manufacturing, changing the state, properties, form of raw materials, materials or semi-finished products carried out in the process of production; a scientific discipline that studies physical, chemical, mechanical and other laws operating in technological processes. Technology also refers to the extraction, processing, transportation, storage, and control operations themselves, which are part of the overall production process.

Dictionary of economic terms

Technology

(from Greek techne - art and logos - word, teaching)

Modern economic dictionary. 1999

TECHNOLOGY

(from Greek techne - art and logos - word, teaching)

a method of converting matter, energy, information in the process of manufacturing products, processing and processing materials, assembling finished products, quality control, management. Technology embodies methods, techniques, mode of operation, sequence of operations and procedures; it is closely related to the means, equipment, tools, and materials used. The set of technological operations forms a technological process. Modern economic science uses the term “technology” in such combinations as “technology of teaching, educational process, treatment, management.”

Encyclopedia of fashion and clothing

Technology

(from Greek techne - art, skill, skill and logos - word, teaching) - a set of methods for processing, manufacturing or processing forms of raw materials, materials, semi-finished products or products (including clothing) in the production process; a scientific discipline that develops and improves such techniques and methods in various industries. T. are also called the operations of processing, processing, storage, transportation, as well as descriptions of production processes, instructions for their implementation, technological rules, requirements, maps, graphs, etc.

(Terminological dictionary of clothing. Orlenko L.V., 1996)

Sentences containing "technology"

technology for producing aluminum, titanium, and magnesium from almost ordinary clay.

During reconstruction, they use data on the thickness of the soft tissues of the face obtained from cadaveric material, while Russian specialists, to obtain this type of information, practice the latest technologies for ultrasound probing of a living face.

This technology makes it possible to process very thin workpieces; with another heating method, such a workpiece, in contact with massive cold rolls, would immediately cool down.

So the development of the image economy is not limited to the commercialization of the Internet, but creates a growing need for computer technology.

Let's turn to the Internet, what the encyclopedia Wikipedia says about technology.

Technology(from ancient Greek τέχνη - art, skill, skill;
λόγος - thought, reason; technique, production method).

In a broad sense, technology is a set of methods, processes and materials used in any field of activity, as well as a scientific description of methods of technical production;

In a narrow sense - a set of organizational measures, operations and techniques aimed at manufacturing, maintenance, repair and/or operation products With nominal quality And optimal costs , and conditioned by the current level of development of science, technology and society as a whole.

Wherein:

• under the term product any final product of labor (material, intellectual, moral, political, etc.) should be understood;

• under the term nominal quality one should understand the quality as predicted or predetermined, for example, specified in the terms of reference and agreed upon by the technical proposal;

• under the term optimal costs one should understand the minimum possible costs that do not entail deterioration of working conditions, sanitary and environmental standards, technical and fire safety standards, excessive wear and tear of labor tools, as well as financial, economic, political and other risks.

At the end of the 18th century, in the general body of knowledge about technology, they began to distinguish between a traditional descriptive section and a new, emerging one, which was called “Technology”.

Johann Beckmann (1739-1811) introduced into scientific use the term “technology” or “Science of Crafts,” which he used to name the scientific discipline he taught at the German University in Göttingen from 1772. In 1777, he published the work “Introduction to Technology ", where he wrote:

“A survey of inventions, their development and successes in the arts and crafts may be called the history of technical arts; a technology that explains generally, methodically and definitely all types of work with their consequences and causes is much more.” Later, in the five-volume work “Essays on the History of Inventions” (1780-1805), he developed this concept.

Modern technologies are based on the achievements of scientific and technological progress and are focused on the production of the product:

Material technology creates a material product,

Information technology(IT) - information product.

Technology is also a scientific discipline that develops and improves production methods and tools.

In everyday life, technology is usually called a description of production processes, instructions for their implementation, technological requirements, etc.

Technology or technological process is also often referred to as the extraction, transportation and processing operations themselves, which are the basis of the production process.

Technical control in production is also part of the technology. Technologies are being developed by:

Technologists,

Engineers,

Designers,

Programmers and other specialists in relevant fields.

What is the difference between a CREATOR and a CRAFTSMAN?

That's right, the CREATOR works on the product he has invented, invents and perfects the technology for its production, and the CRAFTMAN, using a known technology, produces finished products, a VERY GOOD CRAFTMAN makes them the same.

Working and working are two very different things!

The life cycle of a technology is a set of stages from the origin of technological innovations to their routinization.

Namely: origin - improvement - routinization

Example (the body of a car, victory, a bad stamp required the body to be tinned with tin to level out unevenness, since there was no putty; before this, the body was mainly made of wood).

The technology life cycle consists of 5 stages:

• Emerging technology is any new technology that has high potential;
• Advanced technology - technology that has proven itself, but is still quite new and has little distribution in the market;
• Modern technology - Recognized technology is a standard, the demand for this technology is increasing;
• Not new technology - still useful technology, but newer technology already exists, so demand begins to fall;

(For example, there are still wired telephones, but many are already refusing, or digital television has not yet fully come into use, but ordinary antenna-based televisions are already surviving )

• Obsolete technology - technology becomes obsolete and is replaced by a more advanced one, there is very little demand, or a complete abandonment of this technology in favor of a new one.

For example: Outdated technology for the production of refined sunflower oil by mechanical beating.

According to GOST 3.1109-82 Technological process- this is a part of the production process that contains targeted actions to change and (or) determine the state of the subject of labor.
Objects of labor include blanks and products.

Almost any technological process can be considered as part of a more complex process and a set of less complex ones (in the limit - elementary ) technological processes.

In everyday use, technology is understood as purely technical science. It should be noted that this idea is understandable historically (the concept of “technology” first appeared in the 19th century and was associated specifically with industrial production, which was predominantly machine-based). The modern content of the concept of “technology” is more diverse. Along with the traditional phrase “industrial production technology” in the second half of the 20th century. The terms “information technology”, “technology of thinking” and even “technology of creativity” appeared. Moreover, the content of the concept of “technology” has extended to the sphere of production of services (art, literature, etc.).

The term "technology" is derived from the Greek words "techne" and "logos" (techne- skill, art; logos- science, teaching). Literally translated, technology is the science (teaching) of skill and art.

Mastery is perhaps the most important quality of a person. It is by this that man differs and stands out from the totality of other biological beings. A person rises to the level of mastery gradually, going through the stages of mastering knowledge, acquiring skills, abilities and, finally, achieving mastery.

Since skill is immaterial, it cannot in itself modify a material object, for example, an object of labor (raw materials). Craftsmanship ensures the process of processing raw materials into finished products only in conjunction with labor activity. However, it is precisely the level of skill in

ultimately depends on the amount of labor required in the production process. Even from everyday ideas it is clear to a person that the greater the skill, the lower the labor costs for production. Reducing labor costs is the purpose of learning and the economic role of craftsmanship.

Craftsmanship links together natural processes with labor ones, thus forming a holistic process of processing raw materials into a product, while technology is the key integrating link of this processing process, its essence.

Technology integrates knowledge from many areas and cannot be reduced to physics, chemistry, or any other science about natural processes, since its subject is the skill of using natural processes in artificial production conditions.

Summarizing the above, we can formulate the following brief definition: technology is the science of mastery in the processes of creating goods.

The role of technology (skills) in the life of society is as follows:

Applied use of society's knowledge base. Without technology, knowledge remains “dead” and cannot be used;

A means that creates supernatural benefits that create the conditions for the existence of human society;

Predetermination of the conditions for the use of labor, saving its costs and, as a result, creating well-being and material wealth;

A person, a collective or a state, deprived of the technologies necessary for their functioning, are deprived of autonomy and independence, since they are not able to reproduce the conditions for their own existence.

Thus, technology in the applied sense represents realized (materialized) ideas about the patterns of production of specific types of material and intangible goods. Only when a person owns the technology does it become possible to repeatedly reproduce the process of manufacturing products with certain consumer properties according to a previously known algorithm.

Since the objective laws of the surrounding world are the basis (foundation) of technology, the latter can be reproduced and repeated as many times as desired.

Technology as science studies:

The essence (content) of production processes of various
various goods and services;

Mutual internal connections between skill and labor costs to manufacture a product;

Patterns of development of processes of production of goods and services based on the achieved level of human knowledge about the world around him.

The most common classification of technologies (processes for creating various goods) is based on the type of benefit or result obtained. According to it, technologies are divided into material (creating material products) and intangible, or social (creating intangible benefits). Intangible technologies include technologies of education, science, healthcare, culture, literature, art, etc.

Supermajority material technologies are machine-made, i.e. a set of technological actions on raw materials is carried out mainly by machines, apparatus, technical devices and devices. IN social technologies Technical means are also used, but they do not directly create the result and are of secondary importance. For example, the result of a teacher’s work will not fundamentally depend on what material the desk at which the students sit or the board on which the teacher writes is made of. Consequently, when achieving the final result in material technologies, the role of machines is great, and in intangible technologies - people and their professional qualities.

It should be noted that the production process is studied from different sides: technological activity is studied by technology, economic activity is studied by economics. Although the subjects of study of technology and economics are different, both scientific fields have the same goal: to ensure the largest output of goods at the lowest cost. Unity of purpose is explained by the objective unity and indivisibility of the production process.

It must be added that technology and economics of production are the same in terms of content. The fact is that the concept of “technology” currently includes not only the process of obtaining a material product, but also any purposeful actions leading to the satisfaction of a certain need (remember the terms “management technology”, “education technology”).

Thus, technology is the core, the basis that links together the natural, technical and economic sciences. Technology is the most important element on the state of which the development of production and society depends.

The driving force behind technology development- the predominance of the needs of society over the possibility of satisfying them with existing means of production.

Source of technology development- achievements of technodynamics, a science that comprehends the laws of technological development.

In the context of defining technology as an element of production, it is important to separate the concepts of “technology” and “technique”. Unfortunately, quite often these terms are considered identical in content.

Technique in production it is represented by equipment - various machines, devices, devices. It is obvious that technical devices are used to carry out certain technological actions for the production of a particular product, but technology is not technology itself, since the technological production process can be implemented without the use of technology (for example, in the case of handicraft, handicraft production).

In modern industrial production, technical devices, together with people, embody technology in the form of sequential and predetermined actions to transform raw materials into finished products. Thus, technology is only one of the means of implementing technology. Changes in a technical device (in the structure and interrelation of its elements) do not necessarily cause a change in the technology for producing products using this device. At the same time, changes in the method of influencing the feedstock, i.e. in technology, inevitably lead to changes in the technical device that implements this technology.

Therefore, technology as a functional element of material production is primary in relation to technology, which only carries out those actions in the process of production that are predetermined in advance by the production technology.

To produce any product, you need information about raw materials and means of production (the field of technical sciences - materials science, theory of machines and mechanisms, strength of materials, etc.), appropriate organization of production, its supply, control, analysis, etc. (field of economic sciences). In addition, all production is based on the labor activity of people. Therefore, knowledge is needed about the labor process, and most importantly, about how to arouse a person’s interest in active work (the field of social sciences). When producing spiritual goods, additional information from the field of humanities is needed. Thus, almost the entire sphere of modern scientific knowledge is covered. And this is natural, since the basis of the existence of society is

production begins. Therefore, all the knowledge that a person receives during his life, he uses with varying degrees of skill in his future professional activities. Various types of human professional activity, in essence, come down to the role of a performer of a particular technology.

However, it must be emphasized once again that the manufacturing process of any product is based on the use of natural processes that proceed according to their own laws. Man, with the help of science, cognizes these objective processes and uses them in artificially created production conditions. Therefore, he can increase the effectiveness of the technological process only within the framework allowed by nature and its laws, and not through his own, subjective volitional decision.

At the same time, technology is a source of unlimited development of production and society. It was the technological development of production that ensured the current achievements of human society. It will continue to remain a determining link in the development of world civilization.

Control questions

1. Describe the purpose of a production system.

2. What elements make up a production system? How are they related to each other?

3. Under what conditions is the production process possible in a production system?

4. Are the concepts of a production system and a production process identical?

5. Why are raw materials not part of the production system?

6. Is it possible to arbitrarily change the actions of performers within the production process? Why? If impossible, then how are these actions predetermined?

7. What functional elements make up any manufacturing process? What is their purpose?

8. On what basis can we say that technology is the main link in the production process?

9. What are the similarities and differences between production technology and production economics?

10. What is the object studied by technology as a science?

11. What sciences does technology have direct connections with?

12. What is the current understanding of technology?

13. What properties and features are constant for all types of technologies?

14. Name the characteristic features of material technology.

15. List the characteristic features of a social (non-mother)
al) technology.

These inventions deserve not only our attention, but also success on the world stage. After all, these technologies can dramatically change our way of life. The good news is you don't have to wait years for them because they are already here and ready to use!

15. Glowing plants

For a long time, scientists have been looking for cheaper and more efficient methods of artificial lighting. Finally, they succeeded. They managed to create several types of plants that emit light in the dark. Such plants can be used in urban environments to reduce electricity costs. Not to mention that the concrete jungle could use some plants.

14. Vertical farms

To ensure that humanity will always be provided with healthy and fresh food, scientists and farmers have teamed up and created an innovative method of farming. It differs from the traditional one in that the plants are grown indoors, with an emphasis on saving space. Thanks to this method, people in cities will be able to grow their own food or buy fresh food in stores at any time of the year.

13. Internet from a balloon

About four billion people in the world still do not have access to the Internet. Large Internet companies regularly come up with new ways to make the Internet accessible in all corners of the Earth. This is how the idea came up to launch balloons into the atmosphere that would “deliver” the Internet to hard-to-reach areas. Such a project will help residents of developing countries become better acquainted with the world around them and find higher-paying jobs.

12. Biotechnology

Biotechnology is a branch of science that seeks to combine technology and living organisms for useful purposes. The beneficial products range from food, including cheese, yogurt and kefir, to medicines and biological sensors. Biotechnology continues to improve and offer new solutions. Currently, the idea of ​​crops that are drought-resistant and contain more vitamins is popular in biotechnology.

11. Virtual reality

Due to the popularity of video games, gaming companies are constantly developing more and more sophisticated ways to provide the player with an unforgettable experience. Their main goal is to make us feel like we are living in the game, and not sitting at home in front of the monitor. To achieve this effect, various companies are releasing a variety of virtual reality immersion products. One of the most interesting options is a mask, which during the game allows you to even feel the aromas of the wild area.

10. Test tube meat

Many people stop eating meat because they don't want to harm animals. To their delight, scientists have come up with a method that allows them to create meat in the laboratory. Not only does it cut down on the resources and energy it takes to raise the animal, the meat is healthier and tastes just like the real thing. Not to mention how much space will be freed up on the planet when animal farms disappear.

9. Exoskeletons

Of course, we are still a long way from the Iron Man suit, but the first steps have already been taken - exoskeletons are no longer an object of fantasy, but a real reality. They return people with spinal injuries the ability to walk and enjoy life to the fullest. Over time, these primitive exoskeletons will only get better - easier to use, more convenient and cheaper.

8. Devices controlled by the power of thought

If you constantly forget where you put your smartphone, you will like this news. Scientists have developed a method that allows you to control devices with the power of thought. This technology was first tested on people who had lost their mobility. It turned out to be so successful that already in 2004 people were playing ping pong with the power of their thoughts. This technology will definitely make our lives easier, not to mention the possibilities it opens up for video games of the future.

7. High-speed transport

The world continues to expand, and more and more often we feel the need to be in two places at the same time. Therefore, humanity is constantly looking for ways to move faster. One of the best examples of new technologies in this area is Elon Musk's hyperloop. It promises to be so fast that the six-hour journey from Los Angeles to San Francisco will be covered in thirty minutes. And this is not the only such project in development.

6. Genome change

Because more and more people are being born with genes that complicate their lives and increase their risk of mortality, geneticists have created technologies that make it possible to “cut out” harmful genes, add new ones, and “turn on and off” existing ones. And this is not just a way to make people healthy - this technology can help people who, for example, have always dreamed of being athletes, but lack the necessary genes. Of course, this procedure does not guarantee 100% results, and people will still have to work hard to master the desired skills.

5. Modern desalination

Although people have long learned to produce drinking water using desalination, the old methods are too labor-intensive and not effective enough. Humanity now has a better understanding of physics and chemistry, and scientists have created more efficient ways to desalinate water. Now this can be done not only faster and cheaper, but also with additional benefits. Among them are free minerals. Yes, the water is full of them, and desalinated water can become a cheap source of minerals needed for production. Plus, billions of tons of desalinated water can feed the entire planet.

4. Real tricorder

If you're a science fiction fan, you're probably familiar with this device from Star Trek. It was this that the characters in the series used to measure medical indicators. The real version of this device can measure blood pressure, blood oxygen saturation, pulse, temperature, respiration, and also diagnose 12 diseases, including chickenpox and HIV.

3. Drones in agriculture

More and more farmers are asking for help from modern technology. Drones are one of these assistants. Although they look similar to those used in the military and film production, their functionality is very different. Their main task is to take infrared images that allow farmers to determine where seeds are germinating successfully and where problems begin. Some companies are creating agricultural drones that can destroy harmful insects, mold and other things that are unpleasant for the crop.

2. Super materials

With a deeper understanding of chemistry, we have learned to create new, exciting materials. These include graphene, a material that consists of only a single layer of carbon atoms. Thanks to this thickness, it stretches easily, has high thermal conductivity and is 200 times stronger than steel. Graphene can be used to create... anything. Graphene will make armored vehicles, clothing, computers and many other things much better and much more durable.

1. 4D printers

You've probably heard about 3D printers. But you are unlikely to know about the existence of 4D printers. Both perform the same task - printing materials or special objects - but 4D creates objects that can change under external influences. The fact is that living conditions are constantly changing, and what we needed yesterday may no longer be needed in a year. To avoid creating things that only last a short time, researchers have created printers and materials that are amazingly adaptable to all types of environmental changes, damage and other potential hazards.