These Rules are intended for workers involved in the setup and operation of relay protection devices and URZA automation.
the rules determine the types: ....

• new inclusion
• first preventive control
• preventive restoration
• preventive control
• test control
• periodic testing
• technical inspection,

frequency, programs and volumes of maintenance of the following relay protection devices and URZA automation:

• distance protection
• differential phase protection
• longitudinal differential line protection
• directional protection with high frequency blocking
• automatic restart devices
• transformer protection
• reactor protection
• differential tire protection with braking
• protection against phase-to-phase short circuits
• protection against single-phase short circuits
• current protection of lines with voltage 500 kV and above
• KRB blocking devices
• alarm devices for single-phase ground faults
• switch failure redundancy device (level)
• high-frequency blocking panels ep31643a/69 and ep31643b/69 (ep31643a/91 and ep31643b/91)
• protection complexes for generator-transformer unit and generator protection
• complete connection protection devices 6-10 kV Yare2201, Yare2202
• relays, kits, blocks and devices of protection and automation

These rules apply in Russia

1. GENERAL PROVISIONS

2. MAINTENANCE SYSTEM FOR RPA DEVICES

2.1. Basic concepts and terms in the field of relay protection and automation reliability

2.2. Types of maintenance of relay protection and automation devices

2.3. Frequency of maintenance of relay protection and automation devices

3. WORK PROGRAMS FOR MAINTENANCE OF RPA DEVICES

3.1. New inclusion

3.2. First preventive control

3.3. Preventative recovery

3.4. Preventive control

3.5. Test control

3.6. Periodic testing

3.7. Technical inspection

4. SCOPE OF WORK DURING MAINTENANCE

4.1. Distance protection

4.1.1. Protections PZ-152, PZ-153

4.1.5. Protection panel EPZ-1636-67/1 and EPZ-1636-67/2

4.1.2. Protections PZ-3, PZ-4, PZ-4M

4.2. Phase differential protection

4.2.1. Protection DFZ-2 and DFZ-201

4.3. Longitudinal differential line protection

4.5. Automatic reclosing devices

4.6. Transformer protection

4.7. Reactor protection

4.8. Differential tire protection with braking

4.9. Protection against phase-to-phase short circuits

4.10. Protection against single-phase short circuits

4.11. Current protection of lines with voltage 500 kV and above

4.12. KRB blocking devices

4.13. Alarm devices for single-phase earth faults

4.14. Switch failure redundancy device (CBF)

4.15. High-frequency blocking panels EP31643A/69 and EP31643B/69 (EP31643A/91 and EP31643B/91)

4.16. Protection complexes for generator-transformer unit and generator protection

4.17. Complete protection devices for 6-10 kV connections YARE2201, YARE2202

4.18. Relays, kits, blocks and devices of protection and automation

5. SCOPE OF WORK DURING MAINTENANCE OF MICROPROCESSOR DEVICES OF RPA

Appendix 1 List of regulatory documents used when carrying out maintenance of relay protection and automation devices

Appendix 2 Permissible values ​​of maximum deviations of protection settings

In three-phase electrical networks, damage to electrical equipment and complex operating conditions are possible. Damage associated with insulation failure, rupture of wires and cables of power lines, personnel errors during switching, lead to short circuits between the phases and to the ground.

A large current appears in a closed circuit, the voltage drop across equipment elements increases, which leads to a general decrease in voltage at all points of the network and disruption of the operation of consumers.

To ensure normal operating conditions of electrical networks and prevent the development of accidents, it is necessary to quickly respond to changes in operating mode, immediately separate damaged equipment from serviceable equipment and, if necessary, turn on a backup source to power consumers. These functions are performed by a) b) c) relay protection and automation devices. (RZA).

Rice. Damage in an electrical network with a grounded neutral A, b, c, - one -, two -, three-phase short circuit, respectively.

In the event of an emergency, relay protection disconnects damaged sections of the network and equipment.

Relay protection and automation devices are operated by local relay protection, automation and telemetering services. Therefore, operational personnel inspects these devices, checks their serviceability and readiness for action at least once a month in the presence of a telesignal about device malfunction. If they are absent, inspections are carried out at least a week when servicing OVB substations (operational mobile teams).

When inspecting relay protection, automation and measurement devices, maintenance personnel examine records in the relay protection log or relay protection cards about all work performed during the period that has passed since the last inspection, changes in settings, circuits, relay protection devices introduced again or taken out of service, as well as entries in the operational journal.

After this, it checks the serviceability of emergency and warning alarms, switch position alarms, the presence of voltage on the operating current buses, all sources of direct and alternating current and the operating mode of rechargers.

Using stationary devices, it monitors the insulation resistance of operational current circuits. Using the alarm, they check the serviceability of the control circuits of switches and other switching devices, the presence of operational current in all devices and circuits of relay protection and automation, control, the serviceability of fuses and ATS sources of operational current, the correct position of circuit breakers, switches and other switching devices in the ATS circuit and the compliance of their positions with the primary scheme. Using installed measuring instruments, the serviceability of voltage transformer circuits and fuses is monitored.

Inspect all protection and automation devices on the control panel, relay panel, in the corridors of switchgear and switchgear. Indicator relays that were triggered by accidental causes (for example, shocks) are returned to their initial position. Inspect and check the readiness of the fixing devices.

All faults identified during the inspection are recorded in the relay log and immediately reported to the PES dispatcher and the management of the local relay protection service.

Operating personnel can independently eliminate some malfunctions, these include:

All work on relay protection and automation devices, as a rule, is performed by the personnel of the relay service of the relay protection and automation system according to pre-filled requests.

1.1. The rules determine the types, frequency, programs and volumes of maintenance of all relay protection and automation devices, current and voltage transformers, power supplies and other components of relay protection and automation devices used in electrical networks of 0.4-35 kV.

1.3. The rules provide for an increase in the duration of the maintenance cycle and a reduction in the volume of operational checks of relay protection and automation devices in 0.4-35 kV networks.

1.4. The methodology for checking and testing specific relay protection devices is given in the relevant instructions and guidelines that should be used when carrying out maintenance.

2.1.1. Reliability is the property of a device to maintain over time, within established limits, the values ​​of parameters that characterize the ability to perform required functions in given modes and conditions of use, maintenance, repairs, storage and transportation.

2.1.2. An operational state is a state of devices in which the values ​​of parameters characterizing the ability to perform specified functions comply with the requirements of regulatory, technical and design documentation.

Gradual failures occur as a result of changes in one or more parameters of the device or the state of its elements due to various physical and chemical processes that arise as a result of prolonged operation.

In relay protection and automation devices, these processes include: dusting of internal parts of relays and devices, formation of carbon deposits and cavities on contacts, misadjustment of the mechanical part of the relay, loosening of screw contact connections, decreased insulation resistance, changes in the characteristics of the device or its individual elements. When timely preventive measures are carried out, these changes in the parameters or state of the device and its elements can be detected by monitoring and diagnostic methods, and possible failures can be prevented by adjusting, replacing or restoring the elements.

Sudden failures are characterized by abrupt changes in the values ​​of one or more device parameters. The causes of sudden failures are physical and chemical processes that occur rather slowly over time.

Run-in failures occur during the initial period of operation and are caused mainly by shortcomings in production technology and insufficient quality control of component elements of devices during manufacturing. For relay protection and automation devices, the causes of running-in failures can also be errors during installation and commissioning, or poor quality of commissioning.

Failures during normal operation occur after the end of the running-in period, but before the onset of degradation failures. This is the longest period of total operating time in which the number of failures is approximately constant and has the least significance.

Degradative failures are caused by the natural processes of aging, wear and corrosion, subject to compliance with established rules, design, manufacturing and operation standards. These failures occur when the device as a whole or its individual elements approaches a limiting state due to aging or wear conditions at the end of its full service life or between repairs. With proper maintenance organization, these failures can be prevented by timely replacement or restoration of elements. In this case, the replacement period should be less than the average wear time of the element. If timely replacement is not carried out, the number of degradation failures increases.

2.1.4. Running-in failures, failures during normal operation and degradation failures are random events, but obey general laws.

2.1.5. It is necessary to distinguish between a failure of a protection device as an event of loss of functionality and a failure of operation as an event of failure to perform a specified function when a corresponding requirement arises.

2.2.1. The period of operation of a device or its service life before decommissioning is determined by the wear and tear of the device to such a state that its restoration becomes unprofitable.

The service life of the device, starting with the test when it is turned on again, usually includes several periods between repairs, each of which can be divided into stages characteristic from the point of view of reliability: the running-in period and the period of normal operation.

2.2.2. Checking (adjustment) of relay protection and automation devices when switching on again should be carried out when commissioning a newly installed, separate connection or when reconstructing relay protection and automation devices at an existing facility. This is necessary to assess the serviceability of equipment and secondary circuits, the correctness of connection diagrams, adjusting relays, and checking the functionality of relay protection and automation devices in general. The check when switching on again must be carried out by MS RZA personnel or a specialized commissioning organization.

If the check for new switching was carried out by a third-party commissioning organization, then switching on of new and reconstructed devices is carried out after their acceptance by the relay protection service.

2.2.3. Preventive monitoring of relay protection devices is carried out in order to identify and eliminate possible malfunctions of its elements that arise during operation, which can cause unnecessary operations or failures of operation of relay protection devices.

The first preventive control after putting the relay protection device into operation is carried out mainly in order to identify and eliminate run-in failures that occur during the initial period of operation.

Relay protection and automation devices are operated by the local relay protection, automation and electrical measurement services of the MSRPZAI, therefore the OVB personnel inspects the RZAI devices, checks their serviceability and readiness for action at least once a month in the presence of telesignaling about device malfunctions and automatic monitoring of high-frequency channels (if absence, inspections are carried out at least once a week). When visiting a substation for other reasons, the OVB personnel conducts checks of the RZAI devices to the same extent.
When inspecting relay protection, automation and measurement devices, they become familiar with the entries in the relay protection log about all the work performed during the period of absence of the OVB electricians at the substation, changes in settings, circuits, relay protection devices introduced again or taken out of service, with entries in the operational log . Check the serviceability of emergency and warning alarms, as well as switch position alarms, the presence of voltage on the operating current buses, all sources of direct and alternating current and the operating mode of rechargers. Monitor the insulation resistance of operational current circuits using stationary devices. Using the alarm system, they check the serviceability of control purposes for switches and other switching devices, the presence of operative current in all devices and circuits of relay protection, automation, alarms, control, the serviceability of fuses and ATS of operative current sources, the correct position of circuit breakers, switches and other switching devices in the ATS circuit and compliance of their provisions with the primary scheme. Using installed measuring instruments and alarms, the serviceability of voltage transformer circuits, fuses, and the correct position of all switching devices in these circuits are monitored in accordance with the actual primary connection diagram.
Inspect all protection and automation devices on the control panel, relay panel, in the corridors of switchgear, switchgear, checking their serviceability and readiness for action by appearance or, if possible, by alarm. Indicator relays that were triggered by accidental causes (for example, shocks) are returned to their initial position (state). Check the correct position of all control elements of the relay protection devices and the compliance of their positions with the actual primary circuit of the substation. Inspect and check the serviceability and readiness for operation of fixing instruments, recording measuring instruments and oscilloscopes (they also check the supply of paper and ink for recording instruments, paper or film for oscilloscopes). Inspect gas relays of transformers (for relays with an inspection window, check the housing for the absence of air). Check the position of the drives of switches, disconnectors, separators and short circuiters, seals of doors and covers of relay cabinets, etc.
All faults identified during the inspection are recorded in the relay protection log and immediately reported to the dispatcher of the power plant (RES) and the MSRPZAI personnel.
OVB personnel can eliminate some malfunctions or deviations from the specified mode in relay protection devices. These include:
turning on circuit breakers or replacing fuse links in the circuits of voltage transformers or power supply of relay protection and automation devices (if the switches are repeatedly disconnected or the fuse links burn out, the OVB electrician, senior in the shift, informs the dispatcher and acts on his instructions);
decommissioning of all relay protection devices in the event of a break in the shutdown circuit of a switch or other switching device (the break is detected by an alarm) with subsequent implementation by the dispatcher of the measures provided for the connection that has completely lost relay protection;
decommissioning of all relay protection devices operating from damaged individual power supplies, capacitor chargers and capacitors in the trip circuit of the circuit breaker, separator, short-circuiter, followed by the dispatcher carrying out the measures provided for this connection, which has lost all protections;
determination of the location of damage when a ground fault appears in the operational current circuits (with the permission of the dispatcher, using local instructions);
disabling devices that act on the automatic closing of the circuit breaker in case of damage to the rectifiers supplying the switching circuits of electromagnetic drives (damage is detected by a decrease in the rectified voltage, measured by a voltmeter, and by external inspection of the rectifiers). When the RZAI devices are triggered, various light and sound alarms operate on the control panel, as well as a remote alarm. By dropping the flags of the indicating relays, the OVB personnel determines which device and which of its zones have been triggered (according to the inscriptions on the relay), after which they carry out the alarm operations prescribed by local instructions (turning off the sound signal, turning on the switch position indicator, etc.). By external inspection and alarm, the OVB personnel identifies the nature of the damage that caused the operation of the relay protection devices, makes an entry in the relay protection log and at the same time informs the dispatcher.
In switching devices that have changed their normal position, the control keys are acknowledged in cases where the automatic reclosure and automatic transfer devices did not work successfully. EOD personnel inspect all protection and automation devices and apply marks (for example, with chalk) on the covers of triggered indicating relays or next to them on panels.
At the same time, inspects automatic reclosure and automatic relay counters, recording their readings, as well as recording and recording instruments and oscilloscopes. The results of the inspection, recorded in the relay protection log, are reported to the dispatcher by the OVB personnel and, with his permission, return the indicating relays to their initial state, leaving time stamps until the end of the analysis of the operation of the relay protection devices and receipt of the dispatcher's permission.
After all operations are completed, the position of the indicator relay flags is re-checked (they must be raised), the position of all control elements of the relay protection and protection devices corresponds to the actual primary connection diagram, and the alarm system at the substation is returned to normal. The RZAI service is informed about the operations performed. Upon completion of the analysis of the operation of the relay protection devices, the time stamps on the covers of the indicating relays or panels are erased.
All work on RZAI devices put into operation is, as a rule, performed by MSRZAI personnel based on pre-filled requests. Having received permission from the dispatcher, the EOD personnel prepares the work site: performs the necessary switching on and off of primary equipment, operations with relay protection devices and the requirements of safety regulations; installs fences (curtains) blocking access to neighboring RZAI devices. Having checked the availability of RZAI personnel for the relevant work, he allows them to begin.
OVB personnel, at the request of operating personnel, perform the necessary switching on and off of completely disabled (with disconnectors disconnected) primary switching devices (switches, separators, short circuiters) for various tests and checks of the interaction of relay protection devices with primary equipment. In addition, he receives permission from the dispatcher for the personnel of the RZAI services to perform various switches on and off of energized equipment.
After completion of the work, the OVB personnel familiarize themselves with the entries made by the MSRZAI personnel in the relay protection log, with changes in the equipment on the device panels, carry out the measurements or testing provided for in the instructions, sign in the relay protection log and inform the dispatcher about the completion of the work and the readiness of the relay protection devices for commissioning action.
Operational control of all elements of relay protection, automation and alarm systems is carried out by OVB personnel only with stationary disconnecting devices (control keys, switches, overlays). When making measurements, he uses only stationary, constantly switched on measuring instruments, self-resetting buttons or other switching devices for short-term measurements (in some cases, local instructions allow the use of portable current clamps, voltmeters, etc.). The operation of various devices is tested by the OVB personnel using certain devices, but does not have the right to disconnect and connect wires and cables or use temporary jumpers.

All documents presented in the catalog are not their official publication and are intended for informational purposes only. Electronic copies of these documents can be distributed without any restrictions. You can post information from this site on any other site.

BRANCH OF JSC "ENGINEERING CENTER UES" - "FIRM ORGRES"

INSTRUCTIONS FOROPERATIONALPERSONNEL ONSERVICERELAY DEVICES PROTECTIONANDELECTROAUTOMATIONS OF ENERGY SYSTEMS

SO 34.35.502-2005

Center production- technical information from energy companies and technical training ORGRES
Moscow 2005

DevelopedBranch of OJSC "Engineering Center UES" - "Company ORGRES"

PerformersF.L. KOGAN, A.K. BELOTELOV, V.A. BORUKHMAN

ApprovedBranch of OJSC "Engineering Center UES" - "Company ORGRES" 10.2005

First Deputy Director - Chief Engineer V.A. KUPCHENKO

The deadline for the first inspection of this RS is 2010.
inspection frequency - once every 5 years

Keywords:relay protection and electrical automation devices, operational maintenance.

Effective from 01.10.2005

This “Instruction for operating personnel for servicing relay protection devices and electrical automation of power systems” (hereinafter referred to as the Instructions) defines the rights and responsibilities of operating personnel and contains general instructions for the operational management and maintenance of relay protection and automation devices, monitoring their serviceability and eliminating a number of malfunctions, and organizing work in these devices, as well as by the actions of operating personnel when they are triggered.

With the release of this Instruction, the “Instructions for operating personnel on servicing relay protection devices and electrical automation of energy systems” (Moscow: SPO Soyuztekhenergo, 1978) becomes invalid.

1. GENERAL PROVISIONS

1.1. This Instruction is mandatory for operational dispatch personnel at all levels of operational dispatch management servicing relay protection and electrical automation devices (RPA) of power plants, electrical networks and substations of power systems, integrated and unified power systems, which are under their operational control or supervision. The instructions should also be known to persons training or inspecting personnel and persons drawing up standard or local instructions for the operational maintenance of electrical equipment and relay protection devices. The composition of relay protection and automation devices includes, among other things, emergency automation, systems for automatic regulation of electrical modes of power electrical equipment of power plants and substations, fault location devices (FLA), automatic oscilloscopes and emergency event recorders, secondary circuits and power systems for relay protection and automation devices.

1.2. The provisions of this Instruction apply to the operating personnel of any power facilities, regardless of the form of ownership, with regard to relay protection and automation devices that are under operational control or under the control of operational dispatch personnel of a higher management level. The list of operational and equivalent personnel of these power facilities should be kept by the operational dispatch personnel of this management level.

1.3. It is recommended to use this Instruction at power facilities of any form of ownership, also when servicing relay protection and automation devices that are not under operational control or under the supervision of personnel at a higher level of operational dispatch control.

1.4. This Instruction defines the basic principles and gives general instructions for the operational maintenance of relay protection devices and secondary circuits. The necessary additional instructions for the operational maintenance of individual specific relay protection and automation devices, including the specifics of the operational maintenance of microprocessor-based relay protection and automation devices, including in the presence of automated process control systems or SCADA systems at the power facility, must be given in standard instructions (or in additions to them) or in local instructions for operational maintenance of these devices. Standard instructions for operational maintenance can be drawn up for the following devices and circuits: microprocessor-based relay protection and automation devices of any type, differential protection of buses, gas protection, protection of bus-connecting and bypass switches, fault backup devices for breaker failure switches, OMP devices, differential protection of lines, transverse protection of lines, high-frequency protection of lines, automatic reclosing, automatic automatic transfer, automatic frequency control and other relay protection and automation devices, voltage transformer circuits, circuits and sources of operational direct and alternating current, control circuits, emergency and warning alarms, ground fault alarm devices, etc.

Standard instructions, as a rule, provide instructions for the operational maintenance of devices, based on the principle of their operation and technical features, without taking into account the local conditions and characteristics of a given power plant or substation.

Clarifications and additions caused by specific conditions must be indicated in the local supplement to the standard instructions () or in the local instructions drawn up on its basis.

Local instructions (additions to the standard instructions) are drawn up for all relay protection and automation devices installed at a given power plant or substation, for the maintenance of which there are no adjusted standard instructions. It is allowed to draw up one instruction for all relay protection and automation devices serviced by the operational personnel of a given power facility or the level of operational dispatch control.

1.5. The distribution of relay protection and automation devices according to the dispatch control method (operational control, operational management) must be determined in separate documents - regulations on dispatch control, instructions or lists issued for each level of dispatch control (Unified National Energy System of Russia, Unified National Electric Grid, United Energy System, power system, power plant, electrical network enterprise), usually together with the distribution according to the dispatch control method of power electrical equipment of power plants, substations and electrical networks.

Each of these documents is approved by the chief dispatcher or technical manager of the corresponding level of operational dispatch management.

1.6. For each power plant and substation, a list is compiled that indicates all instructions for the operational maintenance of relay protection and automation devices installed at this facility (). The list is approved by the technical manager of the enterprise and must be located at the power plant or substation, with the dispatcher, who is in charge or control of the devices serviced according to these instructions, and in the relevant service (department, laboratory - ETL) of the relay protection and automation equipment.

For dispatchers at all levels of operational dispatch control, lists are also compiled that indicate all the instructions for the operational maintenance of relay protection and automation devices, which the corresponding dispatcher must follow. These lists are approved by the relevant chief dispatcher or technical manager.

1.7. Sets of instructions for the operational maintenance of relay protection and automation devices in accordance with the approved lists should be located:

On the control panel of each power plant and substation;

The dispatcher or duty engineer is in charge or control of the devices serviced according to these instructions;

- at operational field teams (OVB);

In the relevant relay protection services.

A set of instructions for the operational maintenance of relay protection and automation devices installed at distribution network facilities where there are no control panels or specially equipped rooms for storing documentation should be kept by the senior shift manager of the control unit servicing these networks.

1.8. Complex, although provided for by standard instructions for operational maintenance, operations with relay protection and automation devices during standard, regularly repeated repair work, frequently repeated changes in the primary connection diagram or operating modes of a power plant, substation and electrical network must be carried out according to pre-compiled standard programs in which the sequence is specified in detail operations in power and secondary circuits, changing settings and other necessary operations in relay protection and automation devices, as well as the sequence of operations when returning to the normal circuit.

Such operations, in particular, include:

Decommissioning and commissioning of power lines with a complex set of relay protection devices;

Replacement of relay protection of an element of the electrical network of the power system (network element) with protection of busbar or bypass switches when the switch of this element is left in operation;

Disabling the circuit breaker of a network element and replacing it with a bus-connecting or bypass switch with their relay protection and disabling the relay protection and automation devices of this network element;

Disabling the network element circuit breaker and replacing it with a busbar or bypass switch and transferring the network element relay protection devices to these circuit breakers;

Replacement of the working phase of a group of single-phase transformers (autotransformers) with a reserve one;

Various testing of tires and equipment after repairs, when commissioning backup equipment, etc.;

Restoring the normal scheme after completion of the work.

A set of standard programs should be located at the relevant power plants, substations, at the dispatcher, whose operational control is the power electrical equipment of the power plant, substation, electrical network, at the dispatcher, through whom the instructions of the superior dispatcher are transmitted to the performers at the power plant or substation, and in the relevant relay protection and automation services.

Notes

1. Hereinafter, the term “electrical network element of the power system” (“network element”) is a general concept for certain types of power electrical equipment of power plants, substations, electrical networks that have their “own” relay protection devices (generator, generator-transformer unit, transformer, autotransformer, buses, power line, shunt reactor, etc.).

2. All provisions of this instruction relating to transformers apply equally to autotransformers.

1.9. Complex operations with relay protection and automation devices and other operations not provided for in the instructions when commissioning new equipment at existing power plants and substations, commissioning new power plants, substations and lines, when changing the fixation of network elements on buses during holidays, during seasonal, repair changes in the circuit or mode work on power plants, energy systems and other one-time work is carried out according to one-time programs drawn up for each specific case when filling out an application.

Programs approved in the established manner before the start of operations must be available to the duty personnel of power plants or substations at which operations are carried out, to dispatchers whose operational control is power electrical equipment with which the main operations are carried out, to the dispatcher through whom instructions from a superior dispatcher are transmitted to the performers at a power plant or substation, and in the corresponding relay protection services.

2. OPERATIONAL PERSONNEL, THEIR RIGHTS AND RESPONSIBILITIES FOR OPERATIONAL MAINTENANCE OF RPA DEVICES

2.1. Operational personnel of energy associations and energy enterprises are allowed to perform operational maintenance of relay protection and automation devices, the composition and qualifications of which are determined by the “Rules for the technical operation of power plants and networks of the Russian Federation” (PTE) and other current regulatory documents.

2.2. Operational dispatch personnel at all levels of management and operational personnel at power facilities must know:

The principle of operation and purpose of all relay protection and automation devices under its operational jurisdiction or control;

The influence of the functioning of relay protection and automation devices on the stability and reliability of the operation of power associations, power systems and power enterprises;

The importance of relay protection and automation devices in ensuring uninterrupted power supply to consumers and the fastest elimination of damage;

Instructions for the operational maintenance of relay protection and automation devices according to the list of instructions for his workplace;

Methods for replacing disabled relay protection and automation devices.

2.3. Operating personnel of power plants, substations and fire safety personnel must additionally clearly know:

Location of all cabinets and panels of relay protection and automation devices;

The purpose and composition of each relay protection device, its interaction with various other devices installed at a given power plant or substation, or with semi-sets installed at other ends of the line, its effect on signaling devices;

Connections of each device with various equipment - current and voltage transformers, coupling capacitors, etc.;

Sources and power supply circuits for relay protection and automation devices with operational direct and alternating current;

The composition of the effects of each relay protection device on breaker failure protection, switches, short-circuiters, separators, disconnectors, circuit breakers, starters and other switching devices;

Principles of starting electrical automation devices;

Location and purpose of all operational switching devices and alarm devices on each cabinet, on each panel, on the terminals of microprocessor relay protection devices;

Location of circuit breakers, fuses, switches, circuit breakers and other switching devices in the power supply circuits of each relay protection device with operational current, in their power supply circuits from voltage transformers and in the connection circuits of this device with others;

Instructions for servicing each relay protection device installed at a given power plant or substation.

2.4. Operating personnel of power plants, substations and fire safety personnel must be able to:

Practically use the instructions for servicing specific relay protection and automation devices, their block diagrams, power supply circuits for these devices and their connections with other devices;

Use all switching devices, overlays, circuit breakers, switches, etc. related to protection and automation devices, their operational circuits and voltage transformer circuits;

Eliminate simple faults, for example, replace burnt-out signal lamps, fuse links, identify operational current circuits shorted to ground, etc.;

Perform measurements prescribed by instructions, check the serviceability and operating mode of some devices, test the operation of various devices, exchange high-frequency signals of RF protection channels;

Change the settings of some protections within the limits provided for by the relevant instructions;

Eliminate deviations from the specified mode of some devices using the methods specified in the instructions.

2.5. Operational dispatch personnel of all levels of management, the duty engineer of the power plant, on his shift in accordance with the distribution of responsibilities among them for the operational maintenance of relay protection and automation devices, performs the following functions in relation to the devices under his operational control (supervision):

Supervises the operational personnel of power plants, substations and fire control units when they perform operations stipulated by the instructions for servicing relay protection and automation devices;

Gives orders to the operating personnel of power plants, substations and the personnel of the internal security department on the changes provided for in the instructions in the circuits or settings of relay protection and automation devices in the event of violations in the circuit or mode of operation of the network, power system, power plant and emergency shutdowns and restoration of normal operation;

Supervises the operational personnel of power plants, substations and fire control units when they eliminate various malfunctions and carry out tests of relay protection and automation devices specified in the instructions;

Gives permission to carry out work on relay protection and automation devices upon request, gives permission (or order) to perform work according to one-time programs or instructions and manages the execution of required operations with relay protection and automation devices, and also gives permission (order) to put disabled devices into operation after completion of work or for the commissioning of newly installed devices;

Takes measures to replace faulty relay protection devices and calls personnel from relay protection and other services to eliminate faults;

Receives information about the operation or failure of relay protection and automation devices under his control or jurisdiction from the operational personnel subordinate to him;

Responsible for the correct use of all relay protection devices under his control or supervision, and for the operations permitted by him in the relay protection devices.

2.6. Operating personnel on shifts at power plants, substations, and fire control units work in accordance with job descriptions and perform, among other things, the following functions in relation to relay protection and automation devices:

Conducts regular monitoring of the serviceability of relay protection and automation devices, their circuits and auxiliary devices, regularly checks their serviceability and eliminates some malfunctions within the requirements of the instructions; monitors the readiness for operation of emergency oscilloscopes and event recorders and, if necessary, takes measures to restore the serviceability of these devices and instruments;

Performs various testing and measurements specified in the instructions;

Performs, by order of the dispatcher, changes in circuits or settings specified in the instructions, introduction of accelerations and other operations with relay protection and automation devices caused by changes in the circuit or mode of operation of the network, power plant, system, the need to prepare various works or other reasons;

Prepares the work site by order of the dispatcher, allows personnel of the relay protection and automation services or personnel of third-party organizations to perform the work, and accepts the relay protection and automation devices from the said personnel into operation after completion of the work;

Makes records of the operation of relay protection and protection devices, weapons of mass destruction devices and transmits them to a higher-level dispatcher;

Responsible for the correct and timely execution of the dispatcher’s orders and the exact fulfillment of all requirements of the instructions for servicing various relay protection devices.

2.7. The personnel of the relay protection and automation services may have the right to perform certain functions of operational personnel under clause 2.6, for example, at facilities without permanent personnel on duty. The exact list of rights and responsibilities of the personnel of relay protection and automation services in terms of operational maintenance of relay protection and automation devices is established by job descriptions and regulations on the relevant services, approved by the technical manager of the enterprise.

2.8. Operations and repair personnel, substation service personnel, electrical workshop personnel may be allowed to perform regular inspections of relay protection and automation devices, testing of some automatic transfer switches, testing the operation of switches from the control key, etc. The admission of these personnel to such testing is issued by order of the technical manager of the enterprise. Testing is carried out according to special instructions, methods and programs.

2.9. Contractor personnel performing installation and commissioning work or scheduled maintenance of relay protection and automation devices at existing power plants and substations do not have the right to promptly service existing relay protection and automation devices.

For all operations with existing relay protection devices or primary equipment necessary for the performance of work by contractor personnel, an application is submitted in the prescribed manner. Operations on an authorized request are performed by operational personnel on duty at the order of the dispatcher.

3. OPERATIVE MAINTENANCE OF RPA DEVICES

3.1. All serviceable relay protection and automation devices in operation must be constantly switched on. The exception is devices or parts of devices that are normally taken out of service and put into operation when the circuit or mode of operation changes in accordance with the current instructions. A list () is compiled for all such devices. The list should be located at the control panel of the power plant or substation, at the dispatcher in charge or control of this device, and at the relevant relay protection services.

3.2. Not a single switched-on network element is allowed to be left without protection against all types of damage in place.

When certain types of protection are taken out of service or malfunction, the relay protection devices remaining in operation must ensure full protection of the network element from all types of damage. If this condition is not met, temporary fast-acting protection must be implemented.

To do this, depending on local conditions (the presence of high-speed protections on other elements, the mode and operating diagram of the power system, electrical network, power plant), various methods can be used, such as: putting into operation the operational acceleration of backup protections, replacing the circuit breaker of a network element with a busbar or a bypass switch with their protections, replacement of a network element that lacks full protection with backup equipment (line), and others. Such measures are developed in advance and entered into a list that should be located at the control panel of the power plant or substation, at the relevant dispatcher and at the relay protection service ().

If the appropriate measures cannot be taken, the network element that is left without full protection must be disabled.

3.3. Depending on local conditions, it is allowed, instead of lists of normally disconnected relay protection and automation devices and measures to replace disabled relay protection and automation devices, to have operational maps that provide all the necessary information on the operational status of relay protection and automation devices of network elements and methods for replacing disabled protection or the same most reflected in the additions to local instructions for servicing relay protection devices.

3.4. All operations with relay protection and automation devices are performed by the operating personnel of the power plant, substation and the internal security personnel only by order or with the permission of the duty engineer of the power plant or the relevant dispatcher, under whose operational control or jurisdiction these devices are located.

In the cases provided for in the instructions, operations with relay protection and automation devices can be performed independently by operating personnel with subsequent notification to the dispatcher.

In emergency conditions, in the absence of communication with the dispatcher, operating personnel have the right to independently carry out operations prescribed for this case by the instructions for servicing relay protection and automation devices or instructions for the prevention and elimination of accidents in the electrical part of power systems. Operations personnel are required to report completed operations to the dispatcher immediately as soon as communication is restored.

3.5. Operations with relay protection devices consisting of two or more half-sets located at different ends of the line should be carried out simultaneously if possible.

3.6. When taking out of operation for any reason relay protection devices that trigger the breaker failure, it is necessary to first disconnect the breaker failure trigger from them. The input of the breaker failure starting circuits is carried out after this relay protection device is put into operation.

3.7. Operations with disconnectors and air circuit breakers, testing after repairs or a long-term disconnected state of a network element must be carried out with high-speed protection devices and breaker failure devices put into operation.

If it is impossible to introduce high-speed protections or their absence, it is necessary, if possible, to put into operation operational acceleration of backup protections or temporary high-speed protection, for example, protection of a busbar or bypass switch, or a temporarily connected protection set (replacement protection set), pre-installed and prepared.

It is advisable to perform operations with disconnectors and separators of any network element with the automatic reclosure devices on the circuit breakers of this element turned off. When performing operations with busbar disconnectors, it is necessary to disable the autorecloser of the busbars during operations.

3.8. All operations with relay protection devices performed by operational personnel are carried out on each relay protection device using switching devices installed for operational maintenance purposes: keys, switches, switches, linings, buttons, test blocks, etc.

Operating personnel can also, according to special instructions, check the functioning of the relay protection device before putting it into operation, if this device has a test or automatic continuous monitoring circuit and the test does not require switching on the rows of terminals of the relay protection device.

Only RPA service personnel can connect and disconnect (on rows of clamps, terminals, etc.) wires and cable cores for various operations.

3.9. In a number of cases, operating personnel are required to change the settings of some protections by changing the position of the adjustment elements inside the relay, for example, on the protection of a bus coupling switch. Such changes must be carried out in strict accordance with the instructions for servicing this protection when the protection is disabled. To facilitate such operations and reduce the possibility of errors, changeable relay settings should be prepared in advance, namely:

On the scales of continuously adjustable relays there must be special symbols or markings of the settings on which the relay arm is installed;

In some cases, the factory scale of the relay can be replaced with a special scale, on which the required settings are applied in primary values;

For relays with stepwise adjustment of settings using plugs, tables of the positions of all plugs for all settings must be compiled. It is advisable to add a scale indicating the settings in primary values ​​to the factory designations of the plugs;

For microprocessor-based devices, the instructions must provide clear instructions for changing the settings for each protection of each type of device installed.

3.10. Normally switched on relay protection devices are taken out of operation:

Upon request to perform various works (inspection, repair, adjustment of settings);

If the device malfunctions, follow the instructions for its maintenance;

In case of malfunctions of voltage transformers or their circuits powering the device, in accordance with the instructions for servicing voltage transformer circuits;

When changing the primary connection diagram or operating mode of a power plant, substation, network, system in accordance with the maintenance instructions;

In special cases provided for by special instructions, one-time programs or operational requests.

Before removing any relay protection device from operation, it is necessary to make sure that all measures provided for this case have been completed to ensure reliable operation of the power plant, substation, power system, electrical network, such as: a device replacing the one being disconnected has been put into operation, operational acceleration of other protections has been introduced, protection of busbar or bypass switches, measures have been taken to change the circuit or operating mode of the power plant, electrical network, power system, etc. Input and output of operational acceleration are performed without shutting down the protection.

Relay protection devices, which, due to their sensitivity and operating principle, can trigger falsely due to short-term current asymmetry that occurs during operations with test blocks in the current circuits of the specified devices, must be taken out of operation for the duration of these operations. The enterprise's relay protection and automation service must draw up a list of such devices, which is approved by the enterprise's technical manager. The list should be located on the control panel of the power plant or substation, in the corresponding relay protection service and at the dispatcher, in whose operational control these relay protection devices are located.

3.11 . Before putting the relay protection device into operation, you must:

By external inspection, carrying out test control and using the existing alarm system, make sure that the device is in working order;

Check the correct position of the various switching devices of this relay protection device;

If there is a special alarm, then make sure that the device is supplied with voltage from the appropriate voltage transformer and operational current, that the circuits that influence the device on the switching devices are working, and that the device itself is ready for action;

If a device is turned on, the settings of which are changed by the operating personnel themselves, additionally check that the set settings comply with the instructions for servicing this relay protection device;

For some devices (differential protection of buses and lines, high-frequency protection, etc.), carry out the measurements and testing specified in the instructions;

Restore indicator relays, light signaling and other signaling devices to their original state;

Check for an entry in the log about the possibility of putting this device into operation;

Obtain permission from the appropriate manager to turn on the device.

3.12. On the control panels of all power plants and substations, the corresponding dispatcher and the relay protection service must have a log (map) of relay protection settings, which, in addition to the settings, indicates the maximum permissible load under the conditions for setting up the relay protection. Operating personnel must monitor the load and, when it approaches the maximum permissible, take measures to prevent the protection from tripping due to overload. These measures (introducing backup equipment, changing the scheme to redistribute the load, limiting consumers, etc.) are developed in advance, approved by management and carried out by operating personnel.

Disabling short-circuit protection that may not operate correctly due to overload (for example, overcurrent protection of transformers, without voltage blocking on the supply side) is only allowed in exceptional cases if there is another protection that is not affected by overload, according to special decision of the enterprise management.

3.13. Sound and light emergency and warning alarms on control panels with permanent duty personnel, as well as television alarms, must be constantly turned on.

The ringing alarm when on duty at home should switch when the duty officer leaves the substation for the apartment.

Light signaling of the position of switches, as a rule, should be turned off and should be turned on, if necessary, manually or automatically when relay protection devices are triggered. The operating mode of the alarm is specified in the local instructions.

3.14. The control panel of power plants and substations must have complete sets of spare signal lamps, fuse links for fuses with a removable holder and a set of charged sockets for fuses with a non-removable holder. At the base of each fuse there must be an inscription indicating its purpose and the rated current of the fuse link; On fuses of a special design that do not allow their replacement with other types or designs (for example, PNB fuses for protecting semiconductor rectifiers), there must be an inscription indicating the type or design. Instructions about special types of fuses and the inadmissibility of replacing them with other types must be included in the local instructions.

3.15. About all work on relay protection devices, changes in circuits and settings, commissioning of new relay protection devices, readiness for commissioning of relay protection devices after any work, commissioning of amended and supplemented instructions for servicing relay protection devices, the relay protection service personnel make entries in the relay log protection before putting this device into operation. The operating personnel in whose shift this relay protection device will be installed must familiarize themselves with these records and sign in the log before putting the device into operation. The entries in the log must be reviewed (and signed for) by the operating personnel of all shifts.

3.16. Commissioning of a new relay protection device can only be carried out if there is an authorized application for its activation. Before putting it into operation, the personnel of the relay protection and automation service (ETL) must instruct the operating personnel in detail with an on-site demonstration of the operations provided for by the local instructions for the operational maintenance of relay protection and automation devices.

4. MONITORING THE SERVICEABILITY OF RPA DEVICES

4.1. Relay protection and automation devices of electrical stations, substations, distribution and switching points, sectional switches and other installations of distribution networks, regardless of the method of their operational maintenance, are subject to mandatory inspection, verification of their serviceability and readiness for action, as well as testing of some devices by local operational personnel, internal security personnel or operational and repair personnel.

The frequency of inspections and testing by local operational personnel, the procedure for conducting inspections and testing by EOD personnel or operational repair personnel, the list of devices and devices to be tested, as well as the procedure for personnel to act when identifying malfunctions and deviations from the norms should be established by local instructions.

4.2. At large power plants and substations with a large number of relay protection devices or when these devices are located in rooms remote from each other, by decision of the technical management of the enterprise, periodic inspection can be assigned to different shifts, each of which inspects the area assigned to it.

4.3. The scope and recommended sequence of inspection are given below. Depending on local conditions, mainly on the installation location of relay protection and automation devices (control panel, special relay room, control corridor in the switchgear, switchgear, etc.), the inspection sequence may vary.

During the inspection you should:

Familiarize yourself with the entries in the relay protection log about all work carried out during the absence of this duty officer, changes in settings, diagrams or maintenance instructions, about all relay protection and automation devices newly put into operation or taken out of service and the reasons for their disconnection or activation, as well as entries in the operational journal;

Check the serviceability of the emergency and warning alarms, as well as the switch position alarms;

Check the voltage value on the operating current buses of all sources of direct and alternating operating current (MV transformers and voltage transformers, batteries, rectifiers, power supplies and others) using available devices and the operating mode of battery chargers; if necessary, bring it to the specified level according to special instructions;

Check the insulation resistance of operational direct and alternating current circuits using available stationary devices;

Using the existing alarm, check the serviceability of the control circuits of switches and other switching devices; presence of operational current on all devices and circuits of relay protection, automation, alarm, control; serviceability of fuses;

Check the readiness of ATS sources of operational direct and alternating current (correct position of circuit breakers, switches and other switching devices in the ATS circuit and compliance of their positions with the primary circuit);

Check the correct position of all switching devices on the operating current panel, in the power supply rings of panels and cabinets of the control panel and relay protection devices, in the operating current supply rings of all switchgear, switchgear and other distribution devices of all voltages; At the same time, pay attention to the correct connection of relay protection and automation devices to the DC busbars assigned to them;

Using the installed measuring instruments and alarms, check the serviceability of the circuits of voltage transformers, fuses, circuit breakers, the correct position of all switching devices in these circuits in accordance with the actual diagram of primary connections and the distribution of protection among voltage transformers;

Inspect all protection and automation devices on the control panel, relay board, in the corridors of switchgear, switchgear, switchgear and switchgear and check their serviceability and readiness for action according to the existing alarm, appearance, and where possible and provided for by local instructions - testing without taking the connection out of operation followed by an entry in the operational journal. Return to their original state the indicator relays whose flags have fallen out, as well as the light and LED signaling;

Check the correct position of all switching devices in the relay protection and automation circuits, the compliance of their position with the given operating mode and the diagram of the power system, power plant, electrical network, substation; pay special attention to relay protection devices that are turned on or off due to deviations from normal operation; transferred to a bus-coupling or bypass switch or replaced by bypass and bus-coupling switch protections, etc. Additionally, make sure that the breaker failure protection switched off is disabled;

Using built-in measuring, monitoring or testing tools, check the serviceability of a number of relay protection and automation devices (differential protection of buses, longitudinal differential protection of lines, transceivers and high-frequency protection channels, tele-shutdown devices, microelectronic and microprocessor relay protection and protection devices, weapons of mass destruction, etc.);

Inspect, check the operation and condition of automation operating in normal modes, for example, automatic cooling of transformers, voltage regulation of transformers;

Inspect gas relays of transformers (reactors); for relays with an inspection window, check for the absence of air in the relay housing; make sure that the tap and shut-off valve (between the gas relay and the transformer expander) are in the open position. These operations are carried out in accordance with the current rules for the technical operation of power plants and networks and in compliance with the Safety Rules;

Inspect and check the serviceability and readiness for operation of recording measuring instruments, automatic oscilloscopes and emergency event recorders, etc., check the supply of ink and paper for instruments, the supply of photographic paper or film for oscilloscopes, and for digital instruments and recorders with removable electronic media information, - their availability;

In the cold season, check the operation of heating devices for relay cabinets, relay compartments of switchgear, switchgear and switching gear and drives of switching devices. Pay special attention to heating devices at outside temperatures of about - 20°C, about 0°C and at high humidity (thaw, sleet, prolonged rain);

Check the position of the loads and springs on the load and spring drives, the position of the spring drive readiness contacts, the emergency shutdown contact and the correct position of their levers; For manually activated drives, check the position of the limit switch lever in the spring winding circuit;

Check the position of the grounding disconnector at the coupling capacitors of the high-frequency channels of the relay protection devices and at the voltage take-off cabinets (VSC);

Check seals, doors and covers of relay cabinets, assemblies of secondary connections and drives of switches and other switching devices in the open part of the substation, especially after rain, melting snow and snowstorms;

Check the position of the grounding disconnectors in the neutrals of the transformer windings for compliance with the approved instructions;

Check the presence of backup signal lamps, fuse links for removable fuses and a set of non-removable fuses.

All noticed malfunctions should be immediately reported to the dispatcher (duty engineer) and personnel of the relevant services, and the necessary measures should be taken according to their instructions or appropriate instructions. Make an entry about any detected defects in the defect log.

4.4. Monitoring the maintenance of a given mode and, if necessary, correcting deviations from a given mode of automation devices operating continuously in normal modes (regulating the excitation of generators and compensators, cooling generators and compensators, battery rechargers, etc.) are carried out according to the instructions for their maintenance .

5. TROUBLESHOOTING IN RPA DEVICES

5.1. Elimination of some malfunctions or deviations from the specified mode is the direct responsibility of the operating personnel. Most malfunctions can only be eliminated by personnel of the relay protection and automation services (ETL), therefore, when operating personnel detect malfunctions in relay protection and automation devices, they must immediately notify the superior operational duty officer who is in charge or control of this device, and then act according to his instructions or carry out the measures provided for in the instructions for of this case with subsequent notification of completion and an entry in the defect log. Operating personnel also report any malfunctions to the relay protection service.

Malfunctions of relay protection and automation devices, the elimination of which is the responsibility of the operating personnel, and methods for their elimination are indicated in the relevant instructions for servicing these devices. Therefore, below only general instructions are given for troubleshooting faults in relay protection and automation circuits.

5.2. When fuses blow or circuit breakers turn off in the circuits of voltage transformers or power supply of relay protection and automation devices with operational current, operating personnel must immediately turn on the tripped circuit breaker or replace the fuse links. If the circuit breaker is turned off again or the fuse links burn out, the duty officer must inform the dispatcher about this and proceed further according to his instructions or (in the absence of communication) in accordance with the instructions.

5.3. When the circuit breaker is repeatedly disconnected or the inserts in the power circuit burn out of only one of several relay protections of one network element, the operating personnel must take the measures provided for in the event that this protection is taken out of operation.

5.4. A break in the shutdown circuit of a switch or other switching device of a network element, which is detected by the existing alarm, is equivalent to shutting down all relay protection devices of a given network element.

In this case, operating personnel must carry out the measures provided for a network element that has completely lost relay protection.

5.5. Damage to individual power supplies, capacitor chargers and the capacitors themselves in the shutdown circuit of a circuit breaker, separator, or short-circuiter is equivalent to shutting down all relay protection and automation devices powered by these power supply units. In this case, operating personnel must act in accordance with clause 5.4.

5.6. If the rectifiers supplying the switching circuits of electromagnetic drives are damaged, the action circuits of all devices must be switched on to automatically switch on the switches that have lost power. These damages are detected by a decrease in the readings of the voltmeter that measures the rectified voltage, and by external inspection of the rectifiers. Repair of damage is carried out by repair personnel.

5.7. When a ground fault occurs in the operational direct or alternating current circuits, operating personnel must, with the permission of the dispatcher and using the instructions of local instructions, determine the location of the damage and immediately take measures to eliminate the fault. Until the fault is eliminated, work on this network without removing the voltage, with the exception of searching for the location of the fault, is not allowed.

5.8. Some relay protection and automation devices have individual control of the presence of operational voltage and voltage from voltage transformers (measuring instruments, signal lamps, LEDs, etc.). If these control devices indicate a lack of voltage, the duty officer must immediately check the position of the circuit breakers and the serviceability of the fuses in the circuits supplying these devices, if necessary, turn on the circuit breaker or replace the fuse or its inserts. If normal power is not restored, although the fuses and circuit breakers are in good order, as directed by the dispatcher, the instructions for servicing this device should be followed.

5.9. Responsibility for the serviceability of fuses in the circuits of relay protection and automation devices and the compliance of their rated current with the specified current lies with the operating personnel.

6. ACTIONS OF OPERATIONAL PERSONNEL WHEN ACTIVATION OF RPA DEVICES

6.1. When relay protection and automation devices are triggered, various light and sound alarms operate on the control panel, panels, cabinets and individual relay protection and automation devices, as well as a ringing alarm at home.

In such cases, operating personnel must:

Perform the alarm operations specified in local instructions (turn off the sound signal, turn on the switch position alarm, etc.);

Determine by the drop-out of indicator relay flags, by light or LED alarms, by the lighting of lamps or displays with the corresponding inscription and external inspection, what happened: shutdown or activation of primary equipment with successful or unsuccessful automatic reclosure (AVR), operation of relay protection and what stage to shutdown or signal (for example, gas protection or overload protection), a ground fault in a network with an isolated neutral, damage to various devices at a given power plant or substation (for example, a ground fault in operational current circuits, blown fuses), then make an entry in the log and inform higher operational personnel;

Acknowledge the control keys of switching devices that have changed their position after a time sufficient for the automatic reclosure device to operate;

Inspect all protection and automation devices and mark on the panel or casings all triggered indicator relays, light and LED signals with chalk or in another way (for example, using indicator flags, on special forms, etc.); make a log entry about triggered indicator relays and “lit” LEDs;

Inspect, if available, counters of automatic reclosure and automatic reclosure operations and record changes in their readings in the log;

Inspect recording devices, OMP devices, emergency process recorders (including oscilloscopes) and record the inspection results in a journal; perform the operations specified in the instructions for servicing WMD devices;

Wind up springs or weights for actuators that are not self-winding;

Report the inspection results and log entries to higher operational personnel and, with their permission, return the indicating relays and LED alarms to their original state. Time stamps on the operation of indicating relays and LEDs should be taken only after completing the analysis of the operation of relay protection and automation devices; when eliminating an accident, the alarm devices are returned to their original state immediately after marking the triggered alarm devices;

Before turning on a disconnected network element, check that all indicator relay flags have been returned to their original state and all light and LED signals that appeared during the first shutdown have been acknowledged. When relay protection devices are activated again at the moment of prompt activation of a previously disconnected network element, the operation of the indicating relays is marked in a way different from the designation method during the first disconnection. For example, when activated for the first time, the indicator relays are marked with the number 1, and when activated again, with the number 2.

6.2. When triggered by a signal of gas protection of transformers (reactors), an alarm about a ground fault in a network with an isolated neutral, an alarm about equipment overload and various damage to relay protection and automation devices, act according to the appropriate instructions and instructions of superior operating personnel.

6.3. After completing all operations, re-check that the indicator relay flags are raised, the light and LED signaling is returned to their original position, all switching devices in the relay protection and automation circuits are set to the proper position in accordance with the actual primary connection diagram, return the central alarm to normal state and inform the higher operational personnel and the relay protection service.

6.4. After completing the analysis of the operation of relay protection and automation devices, remove time stamps on the activation of indicator relays, light and LED alarms.

7. ORGANIZATION OF WORK IN RPA DEVICES

7.1. All work on relay protection and automation devices in operation is, as a rule, performed by relay protection and automation service personnel trained and authorized to work on these devices.

Personnel of specialized contract repair, installation, commissioning and other organizations are allowed to work in existing relay protection and automation devices by special written order of the technical manager of the enterprise if they have a license to carry out the relevant work.

7.2. Before working on relay protection and automation devices consisting of several half-sets located at different ends of the line, these devices must be taken out of service at all ends of the line.

7.3. When working on communication channels, telecontrol, telesignaling (wired and high-frequency), common with protection and automation devices, it is necessary to take out of operation all relay protection devices associated with these channels (by special request).

7.4. All work with measuring instruments, sensors and receivers of telecontrol and telesignaling is carried out by personnel of the relay protection and control systems or SDTU services jointly or separately in accordance with the boundaries of their responsibility.

7.5. All work with primary sensors of various technological automation, drives of switching devices is carried out by personnel of relay protection and automation services (ETL) and personnel of the corresponding service jointly or separately in accordance with the boundaries of their responsibility.

7.6. All work on existing relay protection and automation devices is carried out only in accordance with pre-submitted, completed and authorized applications.

Deadlines for submitting applications, methods of their execution, methods of transferring permission or refusal of an application and other conditions are established in accordance with the current provisions on dispatch control (instructions, lists).

7.7. In urgent, urgent cases, the dispatchers on duty, in whose operational control or jurisdiction this relay protection device is located, can promptly authorize work on it, but only during their duty. To extend such work, an application is required. In cases where a delay in decommissioning a relay protection device may lead to its false operation or damage, decommissioning of the device is permitted, followed by notification of dispatch personnel in whose operational control or jurisdiction the device is located, and subsequent filing of an application indicating the reasons and estimated completion date repair.

7.8. When drawing up an application for decommissioning a relay protection device, the following must be provided:

Necessary switching off and turning on of the primary equipment for the entire duration of work or only for various tests with reverse switching on or off;

Fulfillment of the requirements of instructions, programs and instructions on replacing switchable protection with others (for example, introducing accelerations, replacing switchable protection with bus coupling switch protection, etc.);

Checking the switchable protection under load, the ability to create the necessary values ​​and direction of the load; testing under load the protections with which the connection is switched on to check the protection that has been taken out of operation;

The possibility of unexpected shutdown of operating equipment and the need to take the required measures in connection with this;

Required by instructions, programs or instructions, the output and return to operation of other devices associated with the device on which the work is performed, according to the principle of operation or common circuits and devices, including those installed at other power plants and substations.

7.9. Regardless of the existing authorized application, any work on the application should be started only with permission received immediately before the start of work from the superior operational personnel in the operational management or jurisdiction of which this device is located. Before issuing such a permit, senior operational personnel, and after receiving it, the operational duty officer must check whether any reasons have arisen that prevent the work from being carried out within the time frame and under the conditions permitted by the application.

7.10. Having received permission, the operational duty officer, at the direction of superior operational personnel, prepares the work site:

Performs necessary shutdowns and startups of primary equipment;

Performs operations with relay protection and automation devices specified in the instructions or specified in the application or program;

Complies with safety regulations;

Installs fences or curtains that block access to adjacent operating relay protection devices;

Checks the availability of access to the relevant work for the personnel of the relay protection and automation services (ETL);

Allows personnel to work.

7.11. During work, the operational duty officer performs, at the request of the working personnel of the relay protection and automation (ETL) services, the necessary switching on and off of completely disabled primary switching devices (with disconnected disconnectors) (switches, short circuiters, separators) for various tests and checks of the interaction of protection and automation devices with the primary equipment. Receives permission from senior operating personnel for the personnel of the relay protection and automation services (ETL) to carry out various switching on and off of energized equipment from relay protection and automation devices, and checking the interaction of relay protection and automation devices with primary equipment. Switching on and off the primary equipment from relay protection and automation devices is carried out by the personnel of the relay protection and automation services (ETL).

7.12. Turning on and off completely disabled primary switching devices (switches, short circuiters, etc.) when working with primary and secondary direct-acting relays, when adjusting drives, checking tripping and closing electromagnets, setting up automation and other similar work can be performed by personnel relay protection and automation services (ETL) independently, but with mandatory warning to operating personnel.

7.13. After completing the work, the operational duty officer must:

Familiarize yourself with the entries made by the personnel of the relay protection (ETL) services in the relay protection log, and, if necessary, with changes in the equipment on panels and in device cabinets and the rules for servicing replaced or added equipment, carry out the measurements or tests prescribed by the instructions, sign in the relay protection log and inform senior operating personnel about the completion of work and the readiness of the relay protection device for commissioning;

After receiving permission from superior operational personnel, install switching devices in the relay protection and automation circuits to the required positions, make the necessary measurements, put the device into operation and inform the superior operational personnel about this;

Perform, by order of superior operational personnel, the operations specified in the instructions or application with other protection and automation devices caused by this work.

Commissioning of any relay protection device is allowed only if there is a record in the relay protection log about the readiness of the device for commissioning.

7.14 . Before commissioning a device new for a given power plant or substation, or when switching on a new substation, operating personnel at these facilities must:

Study in advance the executive structural or circuit diagrams and instructions for servicing these relay protection and automation devices received from the relay protection and automation service (ETL);

Check out panels, cabinets, etc. with switching devices in relay protection and automation circuits, under the guidance of relay protection and automation service personnel (ETL), master the operations of performing the necessary measurements, testing and troubleshooting;

Familiarize yourself with the changes in current instructions for servicing other relay protection devices caused by the introduction of a new device.

8. SWITCHING DEVICES IN RPA CIRCUITS

8.1. Prompt maintenance of RZL devices on panels, cabinets, etc. Operating personnel of a power plant or substation can perform only stationary switching devices intended for these purposes: keys, test blocks, switches, overlays, self-resetting buttons and other similar devices specified in the maintenance instructions for the corresponding relay protection device.

For measurements, the duty officer, as a rule, should use only stationary, constantly switched on measuring instruments, self-resetting buttons or other switching devices for short-term measurements using devices built into the relay protection device.

In some cases, specifically specified in local instructions, operating personnel can use portable instruments, for example, clamp meters, voltmeters, devices for finding the location of a ground fault and other devices that do not require disconnecting or switching the existing wires and cable cores to connect them.

The operational duty officer must carry out all testing of the operation and checking the functioning of various relay protection devices only with the help of switching devices intended for this purpose.

Operating personnel do not have the right to disconnect and connect the ends of wires and cable cores, use temporary jumpers, as well as open relays, main and auxiliary devices of relay protection and automation devices, with the exception of those devices whose settings can be changed by operating personnel in accordance with the instructions.

8.2. All switching devices (overlays, switches, test blocks, etc.) must have an explanatory label located under the device. These plates should show the designation of the device according to the circuit diagram and concise, clear inscriptions corresponding to the functions performed with an unambiguous interpretation, for example, “ H 1 - SHUTDOWN 1 B ", "4 H - OPER. ACCELERATION Ш st. TZNP", "6N - TZNP DIRECTION".

Inscriptions indicating the positions of switching devices (overlays, etc.) must also be concise and clear, for example, in the output circuits of relay protection and automation: “SHUTDOWN” (“OFF”), “SIGNAL” (“SIGNAL”), etc. . Commissioning of relay protection and automation devices with a shutdown action, as a rule, should be carried out by moving, for example, the corresponding lining (turning the key) to the right (to the position labeled “SHUT OFF”),

Some switching elements also have a third, middle position, the purpose and designation of which may be different and is explained in the operating instructions for the relay protection device. In some cases, when the device is switched to the “SIGNAL” position, the output protection circuit acts on a signal lamp or indicating relay, for example, for gas protection of transformers. The glow of the signal lamp or the activation of the indicating relay indicates that the device has been activated and cannot be switched to the “OFF” position.

In some cases, commissioning and decommissioning of relay protection and automation devices is carried out with keys and switches for several positions. The positions of these devices must also be marked, for example, digitally, and operations with them for various modes must be indicated in the instructions for operational maintenance of specific relay protection devices.

Switching devices that operational personnel are allowed to use are classified as operational and must have distinctive markings, for example, in color. The remaining switching devices are classified as non-operational.

The operating positions of the operational switching elements must have special color markings.

The covers of test blocks with removed contact jumpers (idle) must have a special color or the inscription “IDLE”.

Head of Relay Protection and Automation Service_______________________________________________________________