String is one of the primitive data types in 1C:Enterprise 8 systems. Variables with type line contain text.
Type Variable Values line are in double quotes. Several variables of this type can be added.
Per1 = "Word 1" ;
Per2 = "Word 2" ;
Per3 = Per1 + " " + Per2 ;
Eventually Per3 will matter " Word 1 Word 2″.
In addition, 1C:Enterprise 8 systems provide functions for working with strings. Consider the main ones:
EnterString(<Строка>, <Подсказка>, <Длина>, <Многострочность>) — the function is designed to display a dialog box in which the user can specify the value of a variable of type Line. Parameter <Строка> is required and contains the name of the variable into which the entered string will be written. Parameter <Подсказка> optional is the title of the dialog box. Parameter <Длина> optional, indicates the maximum length of the input string. The default is zero, which means unlimited length. Parameter <Многострочность> optional. Specifies the multiline text input mode: True — multiline text input with line separators; False - Enter a simple string.
A string can be entered and, knowing the character code in Unicode:
Symbol(<КодСимвола>) — The code is entered as a number.
Letter= Symbol(1103 ) ; // I
There is also an inverse function that allows you to find out the code of a character.
SymbolCode(<Строка>, <НомерСимвола>) — Returns the Unicode number of the specified character as a number.
Text case conversion functions:
VReg(<Строка>) - Converts all characters in a string to uppercase.
HReg(<Строка>) - Converts all characters in a string to lower case.
TReg(<Строка>) - converts all characters of the string to title case. That is, the first letters in all words are converted to uppercase, and the remaining letters are converted to lowercase.
Functions for searching and replacing characters in a string:
To find(<Строка>, <ПодстрокаПоиска>) - finds the character number of the occurrence of the search substring. For example:
Find ("String" , "eye" ) ; // 4
StrFind(<Строка>, <ПодстрокаПоиска>, <НаправлениеПоиска>, <НачальнаяПозиция>, <НомерВхождения>) — finds the character number of the occurrence of the search substring, the occurrence number is specified in the corresponding parameter. In this case, the search starts from the character, the number of which is specified in the parameter StartPosition. The search is possible from the beginning or from the end of the string. For example:
Number4 Entry= StrFind( "Defensiveness", "o" , Search Direction. First, 1 , 4 ) ; // 7
StrReplace(<Строка>, <ПодстрокаПоиска>, <ПодстрокаЗамены>) Finds all occurrences of the search substring in the source string and replaces it with the replacement substring.
StrReplace("String" , "eye" , "" ) ; // Page
Empty line(<Строка>) - checks the string for significant characters. If there are no significant characters, or no characters at all, then the value is returned True. Otherwise - Lie.
StrNumberOccurrences(<Строка>, <ПодстрокаПоиска>) – calculates the number of occurrences of the search substring in the source string.
StrNumberOccurrences ( "Study, study and study again", "to study" , "" ) ; // 3
StrTemplate(<Строка>, <ЗначениеПодстановки1>…<ЗначениеПодстановкиN> — substitutes the parameters into the string by number. The string must contain substitution markers of the form: "%1..%N". Numbering of markers starts from 1. If the parameter value Undefined, the empty string is substituted.
StrPattern ( "Option 1 = %1, Option 2 = %2", "1" , "2" ) ; // Parameter 1= 1, Parameter 2 = 2
String conversion functions:
A lion(<Строка>, <ЧислоСимволов>) returns the first characters of the string.
Right(<Строка>, <ЧислоСимволов>) - returns the last characters of the string.
Wednesday(<Строка>, <НачальныйНомер>, <ЧислоСимволов>) - returns a string of length<ЧислоСимволов>, starting with a character<НачальныйНомер>.
Abbr(<Строка>) —truncates non-significant characters to the left of the first significant character in the string.
abbr(<Строка>) - cuts off insignificant characters to the right of the last significant character in the string.
Abbrl(<Строка>) - trims non-significant characters to the left of the first significant character in a string and to the right of the last significant character in a string.
StrGetString(<Строка>, <НомерСтроки>) – gets the string of a multiline string by number.
Other features:
StrLength(<Строка>) - returns the number of characters in a string.
StrNumber of Lines(<Строка>) - returns the number of rows in a multiline string. A line is considered new if it is separated from the previous line by a newline character.
StrCompare(<Строка1>, <Строка2> ) - compares two strings case insensitively. The function works like an object Comparing Values. Returns:
- 1 - if the first line is greater than the second
- -1 - if the second line is greater than the first
- 0 - if strings are equal
StrCompare("First row" , "Second row" ) ; // one
Information in 1C can be represented by: a reference book, a document, a register ...
Ultimately, however, all these objects consist of fields, and fields are of simple types - number, string, date. And there is always more information in the form of strings. Therefore, you have to work with strings more often.
Now we will analyze how you can work with strings from the 1C language. In parallel, let's try various options for automatic text analysis.
String types
Strings can be limited in length or unlimited in length. If the string value is taken from an attribute, then this restriction is specified in the attribute type.
If the string was entered by the user on the form, then the form element can have the checkboxes “Multiline mode” and “Advanced editing”. The first means that the line may contain the characters "Line break 1C (Enter)". The second is that the string may contain other 1C service characters, such as TAB.
If the string is taken from a file, for example, using ReadText(), then the encoding also becomes important - when reading the file, you must specify the encoding (UTF-8, KOI8, etc.).
Service symbols 1C
To work with special characters, the Symbols 1C enumeration is used.
For example, a string value consisting of two words:
TextString = "First line" + Symbols.PS + "Second line";
For example, searching for line break 1C in the text:
Position = Find(TextString, Symbols.PS);
You can work with the following special characters:
- CR and LF
Mean a line break 1C. Often found in text files.
The character code in ASCII is 0x0D and 0x0A, in Unicode it is U+000D and U+000A.In the 1C language, they look like Symbols.CR and Symbols.LF, or in Russian Symbols.VK and Symbols.PS. To transfer the 1C line when it is created in the 1C code, it is enough to use PS.
Other symbols 1C
Strings in 1C are "physically" used in Unicode format (Unicode, http://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DE%ED%E8%EA%EE%E4).
If you have not come across the "encoding" of characters before, we briefly note:
- When working with strings, the computer uses the numbers of the letters, not the letters themselves.
- Since there are a lot of “human” alphabets (English, Russian, Greek, Chinese, etc., and there are also service and “non-printing” 1C characters), there are several variants of computer alphabets, one of which is Unicode, which includes 1C characters all languages
- The Unicode alphabet looks something like this:
o Common "non-printing" service symbols 1C
o Punctuation marks and mathematics
o Numbers
o English alphabet
o Add. 1C characters of the English alphabet that are used in European languages (for example, in German)
o Greek alphabet
o Russian alphabet
o...
If necessary, it is possible to use all 1C characters available in Unicode in 1C strings.
Firstly, you can type them from the keyboard if you have a layout installed in Windows (by default, English and Russian are usually set in Russia).
Secondly, you can dial using the following method:
Thirdly, you can work from the program code. The Symbol(Digit) function returns a character with specified number, and the CharacterCode(String) function returns the character number of the first letter in the string. If you need another letter in the string, thenCharacterCode(String, LetterNumber).
For example, let's add the character Ž to the following line:
TextString = "Good beer in town" + Symbol(381) + "drobinek";
//Result: "Good beer in Ždrobinek"
Implemented in version 8.3.6.1977.
We have expanded the set of functions for working with strings. We did this in order to give you more advanced tools for parsing string data. New functions will be convenient and useful in technological tasks of text analysis. In tasks related to the parsing of text that contains data in a formatted form. This may be the analysis of some files received from the equipment, or, for example, the analysis of a technological log.
All the actions that the new functions perform, you could perform before. With the help of more or less complex algorithms written in an embedded language. Therefore, new functions do not give you any fundamentally new opportunities. However, they allow you to reduce the amount of code, make the code simpler and more understandable. In addition, they allow you to speed up the execution of actions. Because the functions implemented in the platform work, of course, faster than a similar algorithm written in the built-in language.
Format function StrTemplate()
This function substitutes parameters into a string. The need for such a conversion often arises, for example, when displaying warning messages. The syntax for this function is as follows:
StrTemplate(<Шаблон>, <Значение1-Значение10>)
<Шаблон>is the string in which to substitute the parameter representations.
<Значение1> , ... <Значение10>- these are the parameters (maximum - ten), the representations of which must be substituted into the string.
To specify a specific place in the template to which you want to perform the substitution, you need to use markers of the form %1, ... %10. The number of markers involved in the template and the number of parameters containing values must match.
For example, the result of executing such an operator:
there will be a line:
Data error on line 2 (requires Date type)
String Function StrCompare()
This function compares two strings case insensitively. For example, like this:
You could perform the same action before using the ValueComparison object:
However, using the new function looks simpler. And besides, the function, unlike the Value Compare object, works both in the thin client and in the web client.
String Functions StrBeginsC(), StrEndsTo()
These functions determine whether a string starts with a specified substring, or whether a string ends with a specified substring. The algorithm of these functions is not difficult to implement in a built-in language, but their presence allows you to write cleaner and more understandable code. And they work faster.
For example, they are convenient to use in the If statement:
Functions for working with strings StrSplit(), StrJoin()
These functions split the string into parts according to the specified delimiter. Or vice versa, they combine several lines into one, inserting the selected separator between them. They are convenient for creating or analyzing logs, a technological log. For example, you can easily disassemble a technological log entry into parts suitable for further analysis:
Function of working with strings StrFind()
Instead of the old Find() function, we implemented new feature, which has additional features:
- Search in different directions (from the beginning, from the end);
- Search from the specified position;
- Search for an occurrence with the specified number (second, third, etc.).
In fact, it duplicates the capabilities of the old function. This is done in order to maintain compatibility with modules compiled in older versions. The old Find() function is recommended not to be used anymore.
Below is an example using the new search capabilities. Searching backwards is useful when you need the last piece of a formalized string, such as the full name of a file in a URL. And searching from a specified position helps in cases where you need to search in a known fragment, and not in the entire string.
Special characters in 1C 8.3 - set special characters for string data types.
Let's consider each of them in more detail.
Special characters in 1C: VK, VTab, NPP, PS, PF, Tab
Special characters are called using the global property "Characters", for example:
Text = "Text before tab" + Symbols.Tab + "text after tab";
Get 267 1C video lessons for free:
- VC (CR) - carriage return. In the old days on dot-matrix or daisy-wheel printers, this character code was used as a command that returned the print head to the beginning of the line.
- NSP (NBSp) - non-breaking space (often seen in numeric strings, for example: 1000).
- PS (LF) - Line feed (LF - linefeed) - scroll the drum one line down, the print head is in the same place.
- PF (FF) - format translation. The sheet is ejected from the printer, printing starts from a new sheet.
- Tab (Tab) - a tab character. Horizontal tabs - a way to position for printing on the nearest column, a multiple of some number (for example, 8, 16, 24 ...).
- VTab (VTab) - vertical tabulation. It is similar to horizontal, only we are positioned on the line. Causes some scrolling of the printer drum (printhead stays in the same position (column)!)
PS + VK is a combination that performs two operations: scrolls the drum down a line and returns the print carriage to the beginning of the line, which corresponds to what the user expects to receive by pressing Enter.
If you are starting to learn 1C programming, we recommend our free course(do not forget
The String type is found in all programming languages. It is primitive, and in 1C there are many functions for working with it. In this article, we will take a closer look at various ways work with string types in 1C 8.3 and 8.2 with examples.
Line
In order to convert a variable of any type to a string, there is the "String ()" function of the same name. The input parameter will be the variable itself, the string representation of which is to be obtained.
String(False) // returns "No"
String(12345) // returns "12 345"
String(CurrentDate()) //"21.07.2017 11:55:36"
It is possible to convert to a string not only primitive types, but also others, for example, elements of directories and documents.
Abbreviated LP, Abbreviated L, Abbreviated P
The input parameters of these functions are a string type variable. The functions remove insignificant characters (spaces, carriage returns, etc.): from the left and right sides, only from the left side, and only from the right, respectively.
abbrl("Spaces on both sides will be removed") // "Spaces on both sides will be removed"
abbr("Spaces on both sides will be removed") // "Spaces on the left will be removed"
abbr(" Spaces on both sides will be removed ") // "Spaces on the right will be removed"
Leo, Right, Middle
These functions allow you to cut off part of a string. The Lion() function will return the part of the string on its left side of the specified length. The "Right()" function is similar, but cropping is done on the right. The "Wed()" function allows you to specify the character number from which the string will be selected and its length.
Lion("String variable", 4) // returns "Stro"
Right("String variable", 7) // returns "variable"
avg("String variable", 2, 5)// returns "troco"
StrLength
The function determines the number of characters that are contained in a string variable.
StrLength("Word") // the result of execution will be the number 5
To find
The function makes it possible to search for a part of a string in a string variable. The return value will be a number that indicates the position of the beginning of the found string. If no matches are found, zero is returned.
Note that the search is case sensitive. If there is more than one occurrence of the search substring in the original string, the function will return the beginning of the first occurrence.
Find("one, two, one, two, three", "two") // the function will return the number 6
Empty line
Using this function allows you to determine if a string is empty. Insignificant characters, such as space, carriage return, and others are not taken into account.
EmptyString("Vasily Ivanovich Pupkin") // the function will return False
EmptyString(" ") // the function will return True
VReg, NReg, TReg
These functions are very useful when comparing and converting string variables. "Vreg()" will return the original string in uppercase, "HReg()" in lowercase, and "TReg()" will format it so that the first character of each individual word is capitalized, and all subsequent characters are lowercase.
VReg("GENERAL DIRECTOR") // return value - "GENERAL DIRECTOR"
HReg("GENERAL DIRECTOR") // return value - "CEO"
TReg("GENERAL DIRECTOR") // return value - "General Director"
StrReplace
This function is analogous to the replacement in text editors. It allows you to substitute one character or set of characters for another in string variables.
StrReplace("red, white, yellow", ",", ";") // returns "red; White; yellow"
StrNumberRows
The function allows you to determine the number of lines separated by a carriage return in a text variable.
The loop in the example below will go through three circles because the StrNumberRows function will return the value 3:
For ind \u003d 1 by StrNumber of Lines ("Line1" + Symbols.PS + "String2" + Symbols.PS + "Line3") Loop
<тело цикла>
EndCycle;
StrGetString
This function works with multiline text in the same way as the previous one. It allows you to get a specific string from a text variable.
StrGetString("String1" + Symbols.PS + "String2" + Symbols.PS + "String3", 2) // returns "Line2"
StrNumberOccurrences
The function counts the number of occurrences of a character or substring in the searched string.
StrNumberInstallations("a;b;c;d; ", ";") // the function will return the number 4
Symbol and SymbolCode
These functions allow you to get a character by its Unicode code, as well as determine this code by the character itself.
SymbolCode("A") // the function will return the number 1 040
SymbolCode(1040) // the function will return "A"
Frequent tasks when working with strings
String Concatenation
To concatenate multiple strings (concatenate) just use the addition operator.
"Line 1" + "Line 2" //the result of adding two lines will be "Line 1 Line 2"
Type conversion
In order to convert a type to a string, for example, a reference to a dictionary element, a number, and so on, it is enough to use the "String ()" function. Functions like "ShortLP()" will also convert variables to a string, but immediately with cutting off insignificant characters.
String(1000) // will return "1000"
Please note that when converting a number to a string, the program automatically added a space separating the thousand. In order to avoid this, you can use the following structures:
StrReplace(String(1000),Characters.NPP,"") // returns "1000"
String(Format(1000,"CH=")) // will return "1000"
Quotes in a string
Quite often you will have to deal with the need to put quotes in a string variable. It can be either a request text written in the configurator, or just a variable. To solve this problem, you just need to set two quote characters.
Header = String("Horns and Hooves LLC is us!") // returns "Roga and Hooves LLC is us!"
Multiline, line break
In order to create a multiline text, it is enough to add line break characters (Symbols.PS) to it.
MultilineText = "First Line" + Characters.PS + "Second Line"
How to remove spaces
In order to remove spaces on the right or left, you can use the function "Stretch()" (as well as "Scrpt()" and "ScreenP()"):
StringWithoutSpaces = ShortLP(" Many letters ") // the function will return the value "Many letters"
If, after converting a number to a string, you need to remove non-breaking spaces, use the following construction:
StringWithoutSpaces = StrReplace(String(99999),Characters.NPP,"") // returns "99999"
Also, programmers often use the following construction, which allows you to remove or replace all spaces of a text variable with another character:
StringWithoutSpaces = StrReplace(" hello", " " ,"") // returns "hello"
Comparing strings to each other
You can compare terms with the usual equal sign. The comparison is case sensitive.
"hello" = "hello" // will return false
"Hello" = "Hello" // will return True
"Hello" = "Goodbye" // will return False